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18F-fluciclovine uptake is mediated by amino acid transporters, primarily alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 and l-type amino acid transporter 1, previously demonstrated to be expressed on thymic carcinomas. This case highlights the possibility of overexpression of amino acid transporters in thymomas as well, rarely described before.We describe the case of a 54-year-old woman, previously submitted to nephrectomy for sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma and treated with antibiotics because of central venous catheter infection. An F-FDG PET/CT scan was obtained that demonstrated bone and lymph node metastases and also disclosed an irregular area of highly increased uptake (SUVmax 19.4) in the right atrium. Clinical data did not suggest a relapsed infection. A contrast-enhanced CT examination of the heart enabled the diagnosis of intra-atrial metastasis. Furthermore, integration between PET and cardiac 3-dimensional volume rendering proved useful for defining the anatomical relationships between atrial metastasis and large vessels.Acquired pulmonary stenosis in adults is rare and is usually caused by extrinsic compression from a mediastinal tumor. We present a case of anterior mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma, who presented with cough and hemoptysis. Compression of the bilateral pulmonary arteries by the mediastinal mass was demonstrated by transthoracic echocardiography and CT pulmonary angiography. FDG PET/CT showed diffusely increased FDG uptake in right ventricular myocardium in addition to lymphomatous involvement of the lymph nodes and spleen.Extrarenal Wilms tumor (ERWT) is an extremely rare neoplasm of childhood. It occurs predominantly in retroperitoneum and pelvic or inguinal region without involvement of the kidneys. Although the importance of FDG PET/CT in Wilms tumor is well known, its use in ERWT is limited. Herein, we present FDG PET/CT findings of a 3-year-old girl with a lumbar mass, which was later diagnosed with ERWT.Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a well-documented complication following radiation treatment for head and neck malignancy. Facial bones, mainly the mandible, laryngeal cartilage, and skull, are frequently involved sites for ORN. A rare site for ORN is the hyoid, with very limited cases described in the literature. Recognition of the imaging pattern of hyoid ORN is critical to avoid misdiagnosis of recurrent disease, prompting early treatment.A 21-year-old man with NF1 (neurofibromatosis type 1) mutation and in remission from acute myeloid leukemia presented with a painless mass in the left upper limb. MRI showed a soft-tissue mass involving the ulnar nerve presumed to be a nerve sheath tumor. F-FDG PET/CT was performed demonstrating high FDG avidity in the mass, prompting a biopsy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the biopsy sample demonstrated myeloid sarcoma of the ulnar nerve. This case highlights the role of F-FDG PET/CT in raising the suspicion of malignancy in otherwise presumably benign lesions of the nerve.
A patient with moderately differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with synchronous multifocal liver metastases was referred for further staging with PET/CT. see more The examinations were performed on 2 consecutive days and showed mild 68Ga-DOTANOC and intense 18F-FDG uptake in an incidental right parotid nodule. Differential diagnoses include primary or metastatic neuroendocrine tumor, malignant or benign primary parotid tumor, and intraparotid lymph node. Histology revealed characteristics of a Warthin tumor. While focal FDG uptake in Warthin tumor is frequently described, the somatostatin expression was rarely reported. This clinical case describes 68Ga-DOTANOC and 18F-FDG uptake in a parotid Warthin tumor histologically confirmed.
A patient with moderately differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with synchronous multifocal liver metastases was referred for further staging with PET/CT. The examinations were performed on 2 consecutive days and showed mild 68Ga-DOTANOC and intense 18F-FDG uptake in an incidental right parotid nodule. Differential diagnoses include primary or metastatic neuroendocrine tumor, malignant or benign primary parotid tumor, and intraparotid lymph node. Histology revealed characteristics of a Warthin tumor. While focal FDG uptake in Warthin tumor is frequently described, the somatostatin expression was rarely reported. This clinical case describes 68Ga-DOTANOC and 18F-FDG uptake in a parotid Warthin tumor histologically confirmed.A 43-year-old woman presented with numbness of the left hand and leg for 4 weeks. MRI of the spinal cord revealed an intramedullary lesion with central nodular enhancement at the C3 level. Primary tumor or metastasis of the cervical spinal cord was suspected. FDG PET/CT showed focal hypermetabolism of the spinal cord corresponding to the gadolinium-enhanced nodule. The patient underwent resection of the cervical spinal cord lesion. Histopathological findings of the resected specimens were consistent with acute inflammatory demyelinating lesion.
Lung scintigraphy was performed to rule out pulmonary embolism in a 37-year-old woman suffering from dyspnea and hypoxemia after routine diagnostics failed to find the underlying disease. Perfusion scans did not show tracer uptake within the lungs despite ventilation scans being unremarkable. Instead, the result suggested a complete right-to-left shunt, which was a conundrum. With the assistance of CT an uncommon congenital vessel aberration turned out to be the cause of this exceptional scintigraphy finding, as well as the yet unexplained hypoxemia.
Lung scintigraphy was performed to rule out pulmonary embolism in a 37-year-old woman suffering from dyspnea and hypoxemia after routine diagnostics failed to find the underlying disease. Perfusion scans did not show tracer uptake within the lungs despite ventilation scans being unremarkable. Instead, the result suggested a complete right-to-left shunt, which was a conundrum. With the assistance of CT an uncommon congenital vessel aberration turned out to be the cause of this exceptional scintigraphy finding, as well as the yet unexplained hypoxemia.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are important and frequent nonmotor features in Parkinson disease (PD). We explored mild behavioral impairment (MBI) in drug-naive patients with PD and its clinical and dopamine transporter (DAT) correlates.
We recruited 275 drug-naive patients with PD who had undergone Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, a neuropsychological battery, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and N-(3-[F]fluoropropyl)-2β-carbon ethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) PET within 6 months. Patients with PD were divided into groups without MBI (PD-MBI-, n = 186) and with MBI (PD-MBI+, n = 89) according to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. We performed comparative analysis of DAT availability, cognitive function, and motor deficits between the groups.
Mild behavioral impairment was found in 32.4% of PD patients at the time of diagnosis, and affective dysregulation and decreased motivation were the 2 most common neuropsychiatric domains. Dopamine transporter availability in the anterior caudate (odds ratio, 0.60; P = 0.016) and anterior putamen (odds ratio, 0.58; P = 0.008) was associated with the development of MBI in PD. PD-MBI+ group had a lower z-score in memory-related tests and Stroop color reading test than PD-MBI- group. PD-MBI+ group had a higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score after controlling for DAT availability in the posterior putamen than PD-MBI- group (P = 0.007).
This study suggests that early behavioral impairment is associated with more pathological involvement in the anterior striatum, memory and frontal dysfunction, and motor deficits, which could be regarded as a different phenotype in PD.
This study suggests that early behavioral impairment is associated with more pathological involvement in the anterior striatum, memory and frontal dysfunction, and motor deficits, which could be regarded as a different phenotype in PD.Splenic metastasis from endometrial carcinoma is rare, especially when the spleen is the sole metastatic site. Herein, we report the case of a 47-year-old woman with a history of endometrial adenocarcinoma diagnosed 1 year ago. At that time, she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic node dissection. Restaging F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated an isolated splenic mass with elevated FDG activity. There were no other signs of recurrence. The lesion was surgically resected and diagnosed as a metastasis from the endometrial adenocarcinoma.Spinal facet joint septic arthritis is a rare pathology associated with pyogenic organisms. It may present in older adults with back pain, fever, and positive bacterial blood cultures. However, clinical presentation may be equivocal, and diagnosis relies on anatomic imaging for differentiation from other pathologies. Magnetic resonance is considered the imaging modality of choice and has been found superior to CT; however, it is unable to differentiate facet joint septic arthritis from other inflammatory arthropathies. We present a case of lumbosacral facet joint septic arthritis as seen on In-oxine-WBC scintigraphy and SPECT/CT.A 60-year-old man with prostate adenocarcinoma status post radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection referred for restaging F-fluciclovine PET/CT due to rising serum prostate-specific antigen levels (1.1 ng/mL at that time of imaging). PET/CT images were obtained from the proximal thighs to the vertex of the skull approximately 3 to 5 minutes after the IV administration of 347.8 MBq (9.4 mCi) of F-fluciclovine. PET/CT imaging demonstrated a focus of abnormally increased F-fluciclovine uptake at the right ureterovesical junction. Subsequent MRI of the pelvis revealed that this focus corresponded to a benign ureterocele.Adrenal Castleman disease is very rare. We reported image findings of a right adrenal mass in a 75-year-old man on Tc-HYNIC-TOC scan and FDG PET/CT. There was obviously elevated Tc-HYNIC-TOC activity, but the intensity of FDG activity was remarkable. Pheochromocytoma was initially suspected. However, pathology from resected specimen showed adrenal Castleman disease.Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (Ga-PSMA) PET/CT has shown excellent results in imaging of prostate cancer. Some nonprostatic malignancies can also demonstrate Ga-PSMA uptake, including primary lung adenocarcinoma. However, no such data are present for small cell lung cancer. We present the case of a 59-year-old man, where a second primary metastatic small cell lung cancer was discovered on Ga-PSMA PET/CT done for suspected recurrence of prostate cancer.
Hyalinizing cholecystitis is a rare type of chronic cholecystitis. Moderate patchy transmural especially perivascular lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory cell infiltration is observed in the gallbladder wall. We present the 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI findings of this rare subtype of chronic cholecystitis. Hyalinizing cholecystitis should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening with intense 18F-FDG uptake.
Hyalinizing cholecystitis is a rare type of chronic cholecystitis. Moderate patchy transmural especially perivascular lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory cell infiltration is observed in the gallbladder wall. We present the 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI findings of this rare subtype of chronic cholecystitis. Hyalinizing cholecystitis should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening with intense 18F-FDG uptake.