Top 20 Research Studies involving 2014 for Doctors

To study the relationships between different dietary factors (i.e., energy, macronutrient and fatty acid intake, food group consumption, and dietary pattern) and basal fat oxidation (BFox) and maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) in sedentary adults.
A total of 212 (n=130 women; 32.4±15.1 years) sedentary healthy adults took part in the present study. Information on the different dietary factors examined was gathered through a food frequency questionnaire and three nonconsecutive 24h recalls. Energy and macronutrient intakes and food consumption were then estimated and dietary patterns calculated. BFox and MFO were measured by indirect calorimetry following standard procedures. Our study shows that dietary fiber intake was positively associated with BFox after taking into consideration the age, sex, and energy intake. A significant positive association between nut consumption and BFox was observed, which became nonsignificant after taking into consideration the age and energy intake. Fat intake and the dietary quality index (DQI), and the DQI for the Mediterranean diet were positively associated with MFO, which was attenuated after taking sex, age, and energy intake into consideration.
A higher dietary fiber intake and fat intake are associated with higher BFox and MFO, respectively, in sedentary adults.
ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT02365129 (https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02365129) & ID NCT03334357 (https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03334357).
ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT02365129 (https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02365129) & ID NCT03334357 (https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03334357).
High Protein diets may be associated with endocrine responses that favor improved metabolic outcomes. We studied the response to High Protein (HP) versus High Carbohydrate (HC) Diets in terms of incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, the hunger hormone ghrelin and BNP, which is associated with cardiac function. We hypothesized that HP diets induce more pronounced release of glucose lowering hormones, suppress hunger and improve cardiac function.
24 obese women and men with prediabetes were recruited and randomized to either a High Protein (HP) (n=12) or High Carbohydrate (HC) (n=12) diet for 6 months with all food provided. OGTT and MTT were performed and GLP-1, GIP, Ghrelin, BNP, insulin and glucose were measured at baseline and 6 months on the respective diets. Our studies showed that subjects on the HP diet had 100% remission of prediabetes compared to only 33% on the HC diet with similar weight loss. HP diet subjects had a greater increase in (1) OGTT GLP-1 AUC(p=0.001) and MTT GLP-1 AUC(p=0.001), (2) OGTT GIP AUC(p=0.005) and MTT GIP AUC(p=0.005), and a greater decrease in OGTT ghrelin AUC(p = 0.005) and MTT ghrelin AUC(p=0.001) and BNP(p=0.001) compared to the HC diet at 6 months.
This study demonstrates that the HP diet increases GLP-1 and GIP which may be responsible in part for improved insulin sensitivity and β cell function compared to the HC diet. HP ghrelin results demonstrate the HP diet can reduce hunger more effectively than the HC diet. BNP and other CVRF, metabolic parameters and oxidative stress are significantly improved compared to the HC diet. CLINICALTRIALS.
NCT01642849.
NCT01642849.
Aim of the present study is to determine the role of obesity as a risk factor for COronaVirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) hospitalization.
This observational study was performed using Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) Tuscany COVID-19 database by the Agenzia Regionale Sanità (ARS), including all COVID-19 cases registered until April 30th, 2020, with reported information on chronic diseases. The principal outcome was hospitalization. An age and gender-adjusted logistic regression model was used to assess the association of clinical and demographic characteristics with hospitalization. Further multivariate models were applied. Of 4481 included subjects (36.9% aged over 70 years), 1907 (42.6%) were admitted to hospital. find more Obesity was associated with hospitalization after adjusting for age and gender. The association of obesity with hospitalization retained statistical significance in a fully adjusted model, including possible confounders (OR 2.99 [IC 95% 2.04-4.37]). The effect of obesity was more evident in younger (<70 years) than in older (≥70 years) subjects.
The present data confirm that obesity is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19. Interestingly, the association of obesity with hospitalization was greater in younger (<70 years) patients.
The present data confirm that obesity is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19. Interestingly, the association of obesity with hospitalization was greater in younger ( less then 70 years) patients.
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) represent the cornerstone in the treatment of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), mainly after an acute ischemic event. However, high-on treatment residual platelet reactivity (HRPR), is not infrequent despite optimal medical treatment. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a metabolite of methionine catabolism linked to atherothrombosis. Recently, a potential crosstalk between RAS and Hcy has been suggested, potentially favouring platelet aggregation and cardiovascular disease.Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of RASi on Hcy levels and platelet aggregation in patients on DAPT after PCI.
Patients undergoing PCI on DAPT with ASA plus an ADP-antagonist (clopidogrel, ticagrelor or prasugrel), were included. RASi comprised angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). Aggregation tests were performed by Multiple Electrode Aggregometry. We included 1210 patients, of icantly elevated in patients on RASi and related to higher values of platelet reactivity, independently from the DAPT strategy.
In patients on DAPT after PCI, RASi treatment did not emerge as an independent predictor of HRPR. However, the levels of Hcy were significantly elevated in patients on RASi and related to higher values of platelet reactivity, independently from the DAPT strategy.