The particular innate as well as epigenetic panorama with the Arabidopsis centromeres

Mortality in prisons, a basic indicator of the right to health for incarcerated persons, has never been studied extensively in Brazil. An assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in prison inmates was conducted in 2016-2017 in the state of Rio de Janeiro, based on data from the Mortality Information System and Prison Administration. Mortality rates were compared between prison population and general population after standardization. The leading causes of death in inmates were infectious diseases (30%), cardiovascular diseases (22%), and external causes (12%). Infectious causes featured HIV/AIDS (43%) and TB (52%, considering all deaths with mention of TB). Only 0.7% of inmates who died had access to extramural health services. see more All-cause mortality rate was higher among prison inmates than in the state's general population. Among inmates, mortality from infectious diseases was 5 times higher, from TB 15 times higher, and from endocrine diseases (especially diabetes) and cardiovascular diseases 1.5 and 1.3 times higher, respectively, while deaths from external causes were less frequent in prison inmates. The study revealed important potentially avoidable excess deaths in prisons, reflecting lack of care and exclusion of this population from the Brazilian Unified National Health System. This further highlights the need for a precise and sustainable real-time monitoring system for deaths, in addition to restructuring of the prison staff through implementation of the Brazilian National Policy for Comprehensive Healthcare for Persons Deprived of Freedom in the Prison System in order for inmates to fully access their constitutional right to health with the same quality and timeliness as the general population.The objective was to demonstrate the rate of detection of mental disorders in primary healthcare units as a marker of access and indicator of care in mental health. A comparative case study was performed in the electronic patient files of adults seen in two neighboring primary care units in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Diagnoses of mental disorders were extracted, using the International Classification of Diseases, dividing them into three groups common mental disorders (CMD F32; F33 F40-45, except F42, and R45), severe mental disorders (SMD F20-F29; F31-F39), and alcohol and drug use (AD F10-F19 and Z72). The results were compared to the community prevalence of mental disorders reported in the literature. Statistical analysis was applied with the chi-square test, in addition to a qualitative analysis of each unit´s scenario. Unit A (2015-2016) showed a low detection rate for all disorders [SMD = 45 (0.8%); CMD = 148 (2.64%) and AD = 0]; unit B detected about 50% of the expected cases [SMD = 23 (0.98%); CMD = 140 (5.97%) and AD = 130 (5.54%)]. In 2016-2017 there was an increase in the overall detection of mental disorders at unit A [SMD = 89 (1.6%); CMD = 298 (5.24%) and AD = 7 (0.12%)], in unit B the detection rate remained similar [SMD = 25 (1.0%); CMD = 176 (7.14%) and AD = 121 (4.9%)]. Changes in the units were detected. Distinction in the detection rate was used as an indicator for analysis of mental health care, allowing the study of factors potentially associated with this variation, influencing access to care. Monitoring this indicator helps improve mental health care.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between social position and anthropometric status in women and men Brazilian adult. This was a cross-sectional study that used baseline data collected from 2008 to 2010 for the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil, in Portuguese), in the six major Brazilian state capital cities. A total of 15,105 active and retired civil servants aged from 35 to 74 years. Two latent variables were defined by latent class analysis, social position and anthropometric status. Both constructs and the analyses were separately evaluated by sex. Associations were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, self-reported skin color/race, and marital status. Around 44% of the women and 26% of the men were classified as overweight or obese. Social position tended to be lower in women (43.2%) and higher among men (40.4%). Heavier women were more likely to be black and brown-skinned, whereas slimmer women were more likely to be white. After adjustment, women's weight increased as social position decreased (OR = 1.52; 95%CI 1.36-1.70), whereas in men weight decreased as social position decreased (OR = 0.87; 95%CI 0.76-0.99). Social position affected the anthropometric status of women and men differently, with body patterns also being affected by ethnicity/skin color, showing the potentiality of taking the intersectional perspective when investigating the possible social determinants of the phenomenon.Immune recovery reflects health conditions. link2 Our goal was to estimate the time it takes to achieve immune recovery and its associated factors, in people living with HIV (PLHIV), after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. A historical cohort study was performed among PLHIV (> 18 years-old) in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, using data from healthcare databases. Patients initiating ART between 2009-2018, with T-CD4+ lymphocytes and viral load recorded before and after antiretroviral therapy were included. The outcome is achievement of immune recovery, defined as the first T-CD4+ > 500 cells/µL after ART initiation. Explanatory variables were age, gender, place of residence, year of ART initiation, baseline viral load and T-CD4+, viral load status, and adherence to ART at follow-up. Descriptive analysis, cumulative, and person-time incidences of immune recovery were estimated. Median-time to immune recovery was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Factors associated with immune recovery were assessed by Cox regression. Among 26,430 PLHIV, 8,014 (30%) were eligible. Most were male (67%), mean age 38.7 years, resided in non-central region, median-baseline T-CD4+ = 228 cells/µL ( 200 cells/µL, detectable viral load (baseline), antiretroviral therapy-adherence and undetectable viral load (follow-up) were independently associated with immune recovery. Time to immune recovery remains long and depends on early treatment and antiretroviral therapy-adherence.Two important aspects must be accounted for when discussing the mental health of first responders and, in particular, their report of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The first concerns the provision of quantitative data from longitudinal study designs, the second concerns the sophistication of the work-related model used to frame such studies. This is a report on the development of a model for Brazilian firefighters who also work as first responders, from the establishment of a longitudinal panel design study, the Brazilian Firefighter Longitudinal Health Study (FLoHS). The first objective was to compare trainee and active firefighters based on their follow-up data with a nationwide sample of similarly aged Brazilians. The second was to test the effect that operational and organizational experiences had on firefighters' PTSS level during follow up. At baseline, trainee firefighters came from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, were healthier and less exposed to trauma compared to a similarly aged national sample. At follow up, they reported higher prevalence of smoking, sleep problems, anhedonia and were more likely to be overweight. PTSS was predicted by operational and organizational stressors, even when controlled for health status at baseline. The results present not only the differences in the predictive status of operational and organizational events in relation to PTSS, but also how the effects of such events might interact. The data suggest the need for evidence-based interventions, support provided and changes at work environments to improve report rates for mental health in general and for PTSS in particular.The objective was to analyze the diffusion of cases of yellow fever in time and space in the epidemic of 2017 in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. An ecological observational study was performed with spatial analysis of yellow fever cases. Georeferencing of information and spatial analysis used the digital grid for the state of Espírito Santo, divided into 78 municipalities (counties), using the Arcgis software, 10.3. Geostatistical analysis was performed using the ordinary kriging function. The study found an incidence of 4.85/100,000 inhabitants of sylvatic yellow fever in Espírito Santo in 2017, with 29.74% case-fatality. Sylvatic yellow fever cases were distributed across 34 of the state's 78 municipalities, representing 43% of its territory. The temporal distribution of reported yellow fever cases in the current study occurred from the 1st to the 19th Epidemiological Weeks (EW). The geostatistical spatial analysis via ordinary kriging demonstrated spatial diffusion by yellow fever contagion among the municipalities in the state of Espírito Santo, with spatial continuity. The disease emerged in the state in the EW 1 through municipalities bordering on the state of Minas Gerais. Geoprocessing showed that yellow fever reached the state of Espírito Santo through the municipalities bordering on the state of Minas Gerais, moving eastward in the state and reaching the Atlantic coastline. There was a higher concentration of cases and persistence in the state's Central and Metropolitan regions, which have areas of Atlantic Forest, showing a pattern of diffusion continuity by contagion.The understanding of health care demands and possible access barriers may support policymaking and best practices targeting the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and related identities (LGBT+) population. The aims of the Brazilian LGBT+ Health Survey were to characterize the LGBT+ population during the COVID-19 pandemic and to specify the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic in this population. This is a cross-sectional online study, with a convenience sample of 976 individuals identified as LGBT+, aged 18 years or older from Brazil. It allows investigations of sexuality, discrimination, internal homophobia, health-related behaviors, and health care access. link3 The study adopts a conceptual framework (i.e., validated tools and measures) common to other epidemiological studies, allowing comparisons. We describe the study methodology, some descriptive results, and health-selected indicators compared with the Brazilian National Health Survey. Most of the respondents were from Southeast Region (80.2%), mean aged 31.3 (± 11.5 years). Regarding COVID-19, 4.8% tested positive. Both weekly episodes of discrimination (36%) and depression prevalence (24.8%) were high among the LGBT+ population in Brazil, highlighting mental health and homophobia as major concerns in the LGBT+ context during the pandemic. Although a decade has passed since the institution of the Brazilian National Policy for Comprehensive LGBT Health, appropriate training of health professionals to offer adequate services is still needed. Knowledge of the specific health demands of this group might guide person-centered best practices, promote sexual minority high-acceptance settings, and contribute to higher equity during the pandemic.