The Role and System associated with Histone Deacetylases in Serious Elimination Injuries

This review article examines the biomechanics that underly hockey-related cervical spine injuries, the preventative measures to curtail them, optimal management strategies for the injured player and return to play criteria.
Hockey is a sport with one of the highest rates of cervical spine injury, but by understanding the underlying pathophysiology and context in which these injuries can occur, it is possible to reduce their incidence and successfully manage the injured player.
Multiple online databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Columbia Libraries Catalog, Cochrane Library and Ovid MEDLINE were queried for original articles concerning spinal injuries in ice hockey. All relevant papers were screened and subsequently organized for discussion in our subtopics.
Cervical fractures in ice hockey most often occur due to an increased axial load, with a check from behind the most common precipitating event.
Despite the recognized risk for cervical spine trauma in ice hockey, further research is still needed to optimize protocols for both mitigating injury risk and managing injured players.
Despite the recognized risk for cervical spine trauma in ice hockey, further research is still needed to optimize protocols for both mitigating injury risk and managing injured players.
Review of the best-validated measures of cervical spine alignment in the sagittal axis.
Describe the C2-C7 Cobb Angle, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis, chin-brow to vertical angle, T1 slope minus C2-C7 lordosis, C2 slope, and different types of cervical kyphosis.
Search PubMed for recent technical literature on radiograph-based measurements of the cervical spine.
Despite the continuing use of measures developed many years ago such as the C2-C7 Cobb angle, there are new radiographic parameters being published and utilized in recent years, including the C2 slope. Further research is needed to compare older and newer measures for cross-validation. Utilizing these measures to determine the degree of correction intraoperatively and postoperatively will enable surgeons to optimize patient-level outcomes.
Cervical spinal deformity can be a debilitating condition characterized by cervical spinal misalignment that affects the elderly more commonly than young populations. Many of these validated measures of cervical spinal alignment are useful in clinical settings due to their ease of implementation and correlations with various postoperative and health-related quality of life outcomes.
Cervical spinal deformity can be a debilitating condition characterized by cervical spinal misalignment that affects the elderly more commonly than young populations. Many of these validated measures of cervical spinal alignment are useful in clinical settings due to their ease of implementation and correlations with various postoperative and health-related quality of life outcomes.
Cadaver study.
To investigate the risk of the L5 nerve injury following sacral ala decortication performed during lumbosacral posterolateral fusion surgery.
Fourteen fresh cadaver pelvises were dissected through an anterior approach and the L5 nerves on both sides were explored and macroscopically examined by direct observation. Then, the corticotomy of the sacral ala was performed at 0°, 20°, and 30° angles to the sagittal plane through the posterior approach. The site of sacral ala decortication was checked on each side and its distance to the L5 nerve root was measured.
The tip of the osteotome was in the danger zone (5 mm medial to 5 mm lateral to the L5 nerve) in all cases (100%) where the osteotome had 0° angle to the sagittal plane. For those with a 20° angle, the osteotome tip laid in the danger zone in 83% and intermediate zone (between 6 to 15 mm lateral to the nerve) in 17% of cases. For those with a 30° angle, the tip was in the safe zone (>15 mm lateral to the nerve) in all cases (100%).
Osteotomy of the sacral ala with <30° angle to the sagittal plane risks injury to the L5 nerve; whereas osteotomy angle >30° would not cause any injury to the nerve. It should be considered as a possible cause of iatrogenic L5 nerve injury in patients undergoing posterolateral lumbosacral fusion.
30° would not cause any injury to the nerve. see more It should be considered as a possible cause of iatrogenic L5 nerve injury in patients undergoing posterolateral lumbosacral fusion.
The aim of this review was to determine how exoskeletons could assist Australian Defence Force personnel with manual handling tasks.
Musculoskeletal injuries due to manual handling are physically damaging to personnel and financially costly to the Australian Defence Force. Exoskeletons may minimize injury risk by supporting, augmenting, and/or amplifying the user's physical abilities. Exoskeletons are therefore of interest in determining how they could support the unique needs of military manual handling personnel.
Industrial and military exoskeleton studies from 1990 to 2019 were identified in the literature. This included 67 unique exoskeletons, for which Information about their current state of development was tabulated.
Exoskeleton support of manual handling tasks is largely through squat/deadlift (lower limb) systems (64%), with the proposed use case for these being load carrying (42%) and 78% of exoskeletons being active. Human-exoskeleton analysis was the most prevalent form of evaluation (68%) with reported reductions in back muscle activation of 15%-54%.
The high frequency of citations of exoskeletons targeting load carrying reflects the need for devices that can support manual handling workers. Exoskeleton evaluation procedures varied across studies making comparisons difficult. The unique considerations for military applications, such as heavy external loads and load asymmetry, suggest that a significant adaptation to current technology or customized military-specific devices would be required for the introduction of exoskeletons into a military setting.
Exoskeletons in the literature and their potential to be adapted for application to military manual handling tasks are presented.
Exoskeletons in the literature and their potential to be adapted for application to military manual handling tasks are presented.