Socializing Sensorimotor Contingencies

011), mixed apnea (P=.009), and central apnea (P=.007) was lower in the primary PCSA group than in the non-PCSA group. Twenty-nine percent of the patients in the primary PCSA group were recommended position treatment and 71% were recommended positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy; all patients in the non-PCSA group were recommended PAP therapy. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that the rate of primary PCSA was high (61.5%) and primary PCSA was associated with milder disease severity compared with non-PCSA. The classification of patients with primary CSA regarding positional dependency may be helpful in terms of developing clinical approaches and treatment recommendations.Introduction Gender inequality exists in scientific publications. The aim of this study was to determine changing patterns in gender differences and factors associated with the positioning of authors' names in original articles published in Archivos de Bronconeumología (AB). Methods We performed a bibliometric study of articles published in AB between 2001 and 2018. Author gender was analysed in four scenarios first author, last author, middle authors, and mentee authors. Comparisons were made by authors' specialties, funding received, multicentre studies, specialist areas, and others. Multivariate models adjusted for the percentage of registered physicians in the Spanish health system were created to predict the female gender of the first, middle, and last author. Results A total of 828 publications were analysed in which women appeared as first authors in 286 (34.5%) and last authors in 169 (20.4%). A gradual increase in women as first authors was observed (P = .0001), but not as last authors (P = .570). Overall, the average number of female authors increased over time (from 1.6 ± 1.4 in 2001-2005 to 3.3 ± 2.3 in 2016-2018, P = .0001), with no differences in male averages. The adjusted multivariate models reflected a positive bi-directional relationship between the first author and the middle authors, and a negative association between the first author being Spanish and the last author being female (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.36-0.88, P = .012). Conclusions Gender differences were found in various aspects of authorship in AB, summarized by a greater participation of women as first and intermediate authors, but not as last authors.Rationale and objectives Historically, patients undergoing image-guided percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement have been admitted overnight with feeds commencing 12-24 hours postprocedure. With new expedited feeding protocols starting 3-4 hours postprocedure, same-day discharge is now possible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and cost of image-guided percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement as an outpatient procedure. Materials and methods In this retrospective study, 131 patients (age 63.9 ± 11.6; 34% female) underwent gastrostomy tube placement as an outpatient procedure with expedited feeding protocol versus 40 patients (age 61.3 ± 12.6; 38% female) who were hospitalized overnight with feeds starting at 12-24 hours, primarily based on operator preference. The two groups were compared regarding complications within 90 days of procedure. Using a subgroup of 33 consecutive patients, procedural costs (total combined insurer and patient payments for professional and hospital services) for outpatients vs. hospitalized patients were compared. Results Complication rates were similar (p = 0.64) for gastrostomy tubes placed on outpatients (0.17 complications/procedure 4 bleeding, 2 aspiration pneumonia, 1 abdominal abscess, 4 significant pain, 6 cellulitis, 1 surgical consult, 4 malpositioned/fractured tubes) and hospitalized patients (0.20 complications/procedure 1 aspiration pneumonia, 1 significant pain, 3 cellulitis, 1 surgical consult, 2 fractured tubes). Total combined insurer and patient payments were similar ($2193/outpatient vs $2701/hospitalized patient; p= 0.52). Conclusion Outpatient image-guided percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement with an expedited feeding protocol is a safe and cost-comparable alternative to historic overnight hospitalization. Further prospective investigation with a larger sample is warranted.Rationale and objectives Uterus-sparing surgery and ultrasound (US)-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation are both treatment options for symptomatic submucosal fibroids. No study had compared the long-term clinical outcomes between the two techniques. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the long-term clinical outcomes between US-guided HIFU ablation and uterus-sparing surgery for the treatment of symptomatic submucosal fibroids. RI-1 Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted on 245 women who were treated by US-guided HIFU ablation and 129 women who underwent uterus-sparing surgery for type I or type II symptomatic submucosal fibroids in a single institution from January 2007 to January 2015. The mean diameter of the fibroids was about 6 cm in both groups. They were followed up until December 2018. The symptom relief rate, symptom recurrence rate and incidence of major complications were compared between the two groups. Results The symptom relief rate was 95.9% for US-guided HIFU ablation and 89.1% for uterus-sparing surgery. The cumulative symptom recurrence rate at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8 years was 1.7%, 6.8%, 9.4%, and 11.9% for US-guided HIFU ablation and 6.1%, 12.2%, 22.6%, and 27.8% for uterus-sparing surgery. Compared to uterus-sparing surgery group, US-guided HIFU ablation had a statistically higher symptom relief rate and a lower symptom recurrence rate (p less then 0.05). The major complication rate was 3.1% in the uterus-sparing surgery group. No major complications occurred in the US-guided HIFU ablation group. Conclusion This study showed that the long-term clinical outcomes of US-guided HIFU ablation may be better that of uterus-sparing surgery for the treatment of symptomatic submucosal fibroids. US-guided HIFU ablation may also be safer than uterus-sparing surgery. Further larger randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.Rationale and objectives To assess muscular abnormalities related to systemic sclerosis (SSc) using shear wave elastography and correlate results with those of clinical tests. Materials and methods We evaluated 55 patients (mean age 50.4 years; range 18-88; 34 female) with SSc before treatment and choose muscle groups based on cutaneous involvement and functional impairment [forearms (9); thighs (41); thenar/hypothenar (5)]. We performed shear wave elastography in two orientations to access heterogeneity using virtual touch IQ and mean shear wave velocity values (SWV) and measured skin and fascia thickness. We compared SWVs to the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). Twenty-two healthy controls (mean age 52.0; range 19-88; 7 female) underwent the same protocol. Results SWV pattern analysis (homogeneous vs heterogeneous) detected SSc with sensitivity/specificity/negative predictive value/positive predictive value0.79/0.81/0.91/0.62 in transverse and 0.75/0.18/0.91/0.56 in longitudinal orientation. In patients we found poor correlation between SWVs and mRSS but a cutoff of mRSSE = 20 separated them significantly (p less then 0.