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harmacokinetic property of drug molecules. This review focuses on drug repurposing strategy applied for existing drugs including Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Ribavirin, Baraticinib, Tocilizumab, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Prulifloxacin, Carfilzomib, Bictegravir, Nelfinavir, Tegobuvir and Glucocorticoids etc to determine their effectiveness toward the treatment of COVID-19.Assessing the hydropathy properties of molecules, like proteins and chemical compounds, has a crucial role in many fields of computational biology, such as drug design, biomolecular interaction, and folding prediction. Over the past decades, many descriptors were devised to evaluate the hydrophobicity of side chains. In this field, recently we likewise have developed a computational method, based on molecular dynamics data, for the investigation of the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity features of the 20 natural amino acids, analyzing the changes occurring in the hydrogen bond network of water molecules surrounding each given compound. The local environment of each residue is complex and depends on the chemical nature of the side chain and the location in the protein. Here, we characterize the solvation properties of each amino acid side chain in the protein environment by considering its spatial reorganization in the protein local structure, so that the computational evaluation of differences in terms of hydropathy profiles in different structural and dynamical conditions can be brought to bear. A set of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been used to characterize the dynamic hydrogen bond network at the interface between protein and solvent, from which we map out the local hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of amino acid residues.Lysine acetylation modification, which has key roles in cellular homeostasis as well as cancer malignancy, is dynamically regulated by lysine acetylation regulators (LARs). In our study, we found that most of 33 evaluated LARs were differentially expressed among 1,125 gliomas grouped by different clinicopathological characteristics. Consensus clustering was applied to 33 LARs, resulting in three glioma subtypes (LA1, 2, and 3). The LA3 subgroup was associated with the poorest clinical outcome, higher WHO grade, fewer isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations, and lower frequency of 1p/19q codeletion. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis indicated that eight tumor hallmarks were highly enriched in the LA3 subgroup. These results suggested that LARs are significantly related to glioma malignancy. We then designed a LAR-signature based on 14 overall survival (overall survival)-related LARs, and showed that the LAR-signature possesses strong and independent prognostic value for glioma patients in both training and validation datasets. Moreover, by interrogating single nucleotide polymorphism and copy number variation (CNV) data in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, we found that higher score of our risk signature is correlated with the hypermutation status of gliomas and that HDAC1(1p) was one of the oncogenes lost in 1p/19q codeletion events, while SIRT2(19q) and EP300(22q) may act as tumor suppressors in gliomas with 19q or 22q deletions, respectively. In conclusion, LARs are critical for the malignant development of gliomas, and our results are useful for prognostic stratification and development of novel assessment strategies for the prognosis of glioma patients.Morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases rank first among all human illnesses. Many pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear, while misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Infectious diseases spread rapidly and pathogens mutate quickly, posing new threats to human health. However, with the increasing use of high-throughput screening of pathogen genomes, research based on big data mining and visualization analysis has gradually become a hot topic for studies of infectious disease prevention and control. In this paper, the framework was performed on four infectious pathogens (Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Streptococcus salivarius) through five functions 1) genome annotation, 2) phylogeny analysis based on core genome, 3) analysis of structure differences between genomes, 4) prediction of virulence genes/factors with their pathogenic mechanisms, and 5) prediction of resistance genes/factors with their signaling pathways. The experiments were carried out from three angles phylogeny (macro perspective), structure differences of genomes (micro perspective), and virulence and drug-resistance characteristics (prediction perspective). Therefore, the framework can not only provide evidence to support the rapid identification of new or unknown pathogens and thus plays a role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, but also help to recommend the most appropriate strains for clinical and scientific research. This paper presented a new genome information visualization analysis process framework based on big data mining technology with the accommodation of the depth and breadth of pathogens in molecular level research.Oligometastatic disease in lung cancer is not a rare condition as previously thought. Among 812 non-small cell lung cancer patients treated surgically with lung resection between October 2011 and October 2018 at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Florence Nightingale Hospitals, Turkey, 28 patients (3.4%) had synchronous cranial metastases. We analyzed synchronous isolated cranial metastases patients treated by locally ablative treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, or both). Metastases existing at the diagnosis of primary cancer were considered as synchronous, and their treatment was performed before (at least 1 month) or after (for maximum 1 month) surgery of the primary lung lesion. Prognostic factors affecting survival are evaluated retrospectively to identify clinical factors predicting survival in an effort to better select patients for surgery. Patients having T1-T2 primary lung tumors, no mediastinal lymph node metastasis, receiving minor anatomical lung resection, receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, having single cranial metastasis, and receiving surgical cranial metastasectomy were found to have better survival. According to tumor histology, having adenocarcinoma, and not having lymphovascular or visceral pleura invasion correlated with better survival. Average survival time was 52.1 months and median survival was 32 months. The last mortality during the follow-up was at 24 months; cumulative survival was 48.3% at that time. selleck compound Our study was designed to define the criteria for patients with oligometastatic disease who may benefit from lung resection.Objective To investigate the value of standard [digital rectal examination (DRE), PSA] and advanced (mpMRI, prostate biopsy) clinical evaluation for prostate cancer (PCa) detection in contemporary patients with clinical bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) scheduled for Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Material and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 397 patients, who were referred to our tertiary care laser center for HoLEP due to BOO between 11/2017 and 07/2020. Of those, 83 (20.7%) underwent further advanced clinical PCa evaluation with mpMRI and/or prostate biopsy due to elevated PSA and/or lowered PSA ratio and/or suspicious DRE. Logistic regression and binary regression tree models were applied to identify PCa in BOO patients. Results An mpMRI was conducted in 56 (66%) of 83 patients and revealed PIRADS 4/5 lesions in 14 (25%) patients. Subsequently, a combined systematic randomized and MRI-fusion biopsy was performed in 19 (23%) patients and revealed in PCa detection in four patients (5%) in mpMRI are at highest risk for PCa detection. In patients with a history of two or more sets of negative prostate biopsies, advanced clinical PCa evaluation might be omitted.Background Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been widely applied in brain vascular surgeries to reduce postoperative neurologic deficit (PND). This study aimed to investigate the effect of IONM during clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). Methods Between January 2013 and August 2020, we enrolled 193 patients with 202 UIAs in the N group (clipping without IONM) and 319 patients with 343 UIAs in the M group (clipping with IONM). Patients in the M group were intraoperatively monitored for motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs). Irreversible evoked potential (EP) change was defined as EP deterioration that did not recover until surgery completion. Sustained PND was defined as neurological symptoms lasting for more than one postoperative month. Results Ten (3.1%) and 13 (6.7%) in the M and N groups, respectively, presented with PND. Compared with the N group, the M group had significantly lower occurrence rates of sustained PND [odds ratio (OR) = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.13-0.98, p = 0.04], ischemic complications (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.15-0.98, p = 0.04), and radiologic complications (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.19-0.82, p = 0.01). Temporary clipping was an independent risk factor for ischemic complications (ICs) in the total patient group (OR = 6.18, 95% CI = 1.75-21.83, p = 0.005), but not in the M group (OR = 5.53, 95% CI = 0.76-41.92, p = 0.09). Regarding PND prediction, considering any EP changes (MEP and/or SSEP) showed the best diagnostic efficiency with a sensitivity of 0.900, specificity of 0.940, positive predictive value of 0.321, negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.997, and a negative likelihood ratio (LR) of 0.11. Conclusion IONM application during UIA clipping can reduce PND and radiological complications. The diagnostic effectiveness of IONM, specifically the NPV and LR negative values, was optimal upon consideration of changes in any EP modality.Purpose Numerous definitive surgical techniques exist for the treatment of pilonidal disease with varied recurrence rates and wound complications. Due to the wide array of techniques and lack of consensus on the best approach, we proposed to study our experience treating pilonidal disease in adolescents and young adults. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients 10-24 years old treated at a tertiary medical center from 2011 to 2016. Data including demographics, management, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Primary outcome was recurrence of disease. Results One hundred and thirty three patients with pilonidal disease underwent operative management. Fifty one percent underwent primary closure and 49% healed by secondary intention with no significant difference in recurrence rates (primary 18%, secondary 11%; p = 0.3245). Secondary healing patients had significantly lower wound complication rates (primary 51%, secondary 23%; p = 0.0012). After accounting for sex, race, weight, and operative technique, age was predictive of disease recurrence with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.706 (0.560-0.888; p = 0.003). Age and sex were both predictive of wound complications. Older patients had decreased risk of wound complication (adjusted OR 0.806, 95% CI 0.684-0.951; p = 0.0105), and male patients had increased risk of wound complication (adjusted OR 2.902, 95% CI 1.001-8.409; p = 0.0497). Conclusion In summary, there is no significant difference in the recurrence rates between operative techniques for pilonidal disease. Older patients have decreased risk of recurrence following intervention. Wound complication rates are lower in patients undergoing secondary healing, though this may be better explained by differences in age and sex. Additional research investigating newer, minimally-invasive techniques needs to be pursued.