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Barriers highlighted included governance, financial, human resource, information and infrastructure challenges. In 2019, majority of respondents indicated inadequate guidelines dissemination, lack of financial resources, inadequate personnel, lack of equipped laboratories and lack of instructional materials among major barriers.
support for biosafety and biosecurity training was high though systemic barriers exist. Improving human resource capacity and provision of instructional materials can be achieved through training programs. However, systemic assessments need to be done before each training as different organizations have different barriers.
support for biosafety and biosecurity training was high though systemic barriers exist. Improving human resource capacity and provision of instructional materials can be achieved through training programs. However, systemic assessments need to be done before each training as different organizations have different barriers.
the coronavirus disease COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way we live. The use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) has been reported to be effective in controlling similar respiratory diseases outbreak in the past and is being used as one of the mainstays of control of the pandemic. We therefore assessed the knowledge and practice of preventive measures against COVID-19 among adults in Enugu metropolis during the outbreak in the State.
we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among 320 adults who were recruited through a multistage sampling technique. We used semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect information on the knowledge and preventive practices against COVID-19. The data were analyzed using the IBM-SPSS version 25.
the mean age of the participants was 41.6±12.5 years. There were 168 (52.5%) male, 69.7% had attained tertiary education and 57.8% were self-employed. Overall, 256 (80.0%) of the respondents had good knowledge about COVID-19. Only 133 (41.6%) had good practice of preventive measures among respondents. The more commonly practiced NPIs among the respondents were use of alcohol hand sanitizer (86.6%), physical distancing (85.6%), washing of hands with soap and water (81.6%) and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces (80.9%). The NPIs the respondents practiced poorly were use of face mask (33.8%) and avoidance of crowded areas (47.2%). Having good knowledge (aOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.65 - 6.05) and attaining secondary education or less (aOR 2; 95%CI 10-3.13) were the only predictors of good practice of preventive measures.
the highly educated segment of the population needs to be targeted with appropriate messages to improve their adoption of the right preventive measures against COVID-19.
the highly educated segment of the population needs to be targeted with appropriate messages to improve their adoption of the right preventive measures against COVID-19.The pandemic of COVID-19 has proved to be a global catastrophe. Pregnant females could be more vulnerable to the infection owing to the immune modulation. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pregnant females including those with COVID-19 suspicion or confirmed status have right to 'safe and positive childbirth experience' which includes a companion. The birth companion, is present at all times with the patient, from the initiation of labor till breastfeeding. The COVID-19 crisis has taken its toll on the healthcare system. The number of infected antenatal females are expected to increase. If a birth companion is trained in basic intrapartum and postpartum observation and care, he/she can be utilised to minimize unnecessary patient-clinician interface and optimize manpower in this critical time.
the reference values of stretched penile length vary with different ethnic group. There is paucity of data on the reference range of total serum testosterone in neonates especially in Africa. This study therefore was to determine the normal stretched penile length, total serum testosterone levels in term male newborns and to correlate them with anthropometric parameters.
this was a prospective cross-sectional study. One hundred and twenty-four consecutive healthy term male neonates were recruited in the first 72 hours of postnatal life. The stretched penile length (SPL) was measured with a rigid metric ruler. Weight, length and occipitofrontal circumference were also measured. Total serum testosterone level was determined using Enzyme Linked Immunoassay. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows version 20.
a total of 124 term male neonates were recruited. read more The postnatal age of recruited neonates was one to 70 hours with a mean of 22.8 ± 17.6 hours and the mean of estimated gestation age was 38.5 ± 1.3 weeks. The range of stretched penile length was from 2.1 to 3.9 cm with a mean of 3.2 ± 0.4 cm and SPL less than 2.2 cm was considered as micropenis. The mean total serum testosterone level was 357.4 ± 241.7 ng/dl. The SPL had a positive correlation with the birth weight, length and total serum testosterone. The total serum testosterone and birth length were predictors of stretched penile length.
among the studied population the mean stretched penile length was 3.2 cm and mean total serum testosterone was 357.4 ng/dL.
among the studied population the mean stretched penile length was 3.2 cm and mean total serum testosterone was 357.4 ng/dL.The optical properties of two sets of donor-acceptor-donor molecules with terminal bithiophene donor units and a central diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptor unit are studied. The two sets differ in the alkyl chains on the DPP, which are either branched at the α-carbon (3-pentyl) (1-4) or linear (n-hexyl) (5-8). Within each set, the molecules differ by the absence or presence of n-hexyl chains on the terminal thiophene rings in the 3', 4', or 5' positions. While in solution, the optical spectra differ only subtly; they differ dramatically in the solid state. In contrast to 5-8, 1-4 are nonplanar as a consequence of the sterically demanding 3-pentyl groups, which inhibit π-stacking of the DPP units. Using the crystal structures of 2 (brick layer stacking) and 6 (slipped stacking), we quantitatively explain the solid state absorption spectra. By computing the molecular transition charge density and solving the dispersion relation, the optical absorption of the molecules in the crystal is predicted and in agreement with experiments.