Growing tropane alkaloid contaminations below java prices

[This corrects the article DOI 10.17912/micropub.biology.000148.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1007/s40200-020-00494-4.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1007/s40200-019-00455-6.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1007/s40200-020-00524-1.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.17912/micropub.biology.000056.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.17912/micropub.biology.000185.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.17912/W2BH3H.].Introduction To compare the perioperative, pathological and oncological outcomes of patients undergoing extracorporeal urinary diversion (EUD) and intracorporeal urinary diversion (IUD) following robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Evidence acquisition Multiple scientific databases were searched up to January 2020 for comparative studies comparing IUD and EUD. The data was analyzed by Review Manager 5.3. Evidence synthesis A total of 9 observational studies comprising 3582 patients were included in the final analysis. We observed that IUD approach were significantly associated with lower estimated blood loss (EBL) (MD -90.50, 95%CI - 131.26 to -49.74, p less then 0.0001), fewer gastrointestinal complications (RR 0.65; 95%CI 0.45 to 0.93; p=0.02), and lower risk of uretero-ileal anastomotic stricture (RR 0.36; 95%CI 0.14 to 0.91; p=0.03). We did not detect significant difference in terms of length of stay (p=0.14), operative time (p=0.55), blood transfusion (p=0.10), 30-day complication (p=0.50), 90-day complication (p=0.40), 30-day readmission (p=0.12), 90-day readmission (p=0.95), positive surgical margins (p=0.42), lymph node yield (p=0.13), 30-day reoperation (p=0.11) and 90-day mortality (0.27) between IUD and EUD. Conclusions The approach of urinary diversion does not have a considerable impact on pathological, perioperative and oncological outcomes in patients undergoing RARC. The benefits conferred by IUD are lower EBL, lower risk of gastrointestinal complications, and uretero-ileal anastomotic stricture. Subgroup analysis of patients with ileal conduit showed similar results on perioperative and complication outcomes. Well-designed trials conducted by large volumes and experienced surgeons, and reporting complications based on standardized methodology are still warranted.Introduction This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the role of metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) and/or prostate-targeted therapy (PTT) in the setting of oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa). selleck inhibitor Evidence acquisition We searched PubMed, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. The following keywords were used (prostate cancer OR prostate carcinoma OR prostate neoplasm OR prostate tumor OR prostate tumour) AND (oligometastatic OR oligometastasis OR PSMA) AND (surgery OR prostatectomy OR radical prostatectomy OR cytoreductive OR local treatment OR radiotherapy OR stereotactic OR stereotaxic) AND (survival OR mortality). Evidence synthesis After evaluating the selection criteria, 81 studies were evaluated for our endpoints. We included 22 studies for PTT of synchronous mPCa. There have been no randomised studies on cytoreductive prostatectomy (cRP). Four prospective studies showed that cRP was feasible but did not contribute to a positive effect on overall survival (OS). Regarding PTT-radiotherapy, two randomised controlled phase 3 trials showed that OS was improved in men with a low metastatic burden. Regarding MDT of metachronous lymph node recurrence, we included 29 retrospective studies. For MDT of oligometastases, we included 30 studies. One randomised phase 2 trial showed that androgen deprivation therapy-free survival improved with stereotactic body radiation therapy compared to that with surveillance; however, benefits on OS remain unclear. Conclusions We performed a comprehensive overview of the current literature on MDT and PTT. The feasibility of MDT and PTT is supported by several retrospective studies. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of high-quality trials to prove its survival benefits. Results from ongoing prospective trials data are awaited.Introduction The pathophysiology and management of male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is still a matter of debate. In the past few years, the urothelium and the urinary microbiota represent important areas of research to improve the understanding and management of these patients. Aim of the present review is to summarize the available data on the urothelium and the microbiota related to male LUTS. Evidence acquisition A national Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) PubMed search for relevant articles published between January 2000 and December 2019 was performed using the Medical Subjects Heading "Urothelium", "microbioma", "microbiota","urobioma","urobiota", "Benign prostatic hyperplasia" "Benign prostatic enlargement" "lower urinary tract symptoms" "Lower urinary tract dysfunction ""men" "male" "overactive bladder" "receptors". Exclusion criteria included animal studies and studies on muscarinic and adrenergic pathways. Evidence synthesis The urothelium has been recently evaluated are lacking. These pathways seem interesting even in LUTS pathogenesis in men but their possible role as a new therapeutic target is still an open debate.Introduction Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) is a promising molecular imaging technique for prostate cancer (PCa). Although not yet included in international guidelines, PSMA PET/CT is commonly used in clinical practice to stage patients with newly diagnosed PCa. This review focuses on the most up-to-date literature on staging high risk prostate cancer with PSMA PET/CT. Methods An online based literature research encompassing original studies, reviews and meta-analysis was performed in the month of November of 2019. The most relevant and impactful research was then extracted based on the expertise of the authors, with the specific focus of highlighting the clinical impact and appropriateness of PSMA PET/CT in staging PCa. Results The use of PSMA PET/CT is appropriate in all high-risk patients with newly diagnosed PCa as it will often have a significant clinical impact. Although preliminary findings are promising, there is still a scarcity of data regarding the performance of PSMA PET/CT vs other modalities in defining disease within the prostate gland.