From fundamental analysis to translational investigation in oncology

and health care provision post-discharge. It is also recommended that children identified as having moderate acute malnutrition be supported to prevent them from slipping into severe acute malnutrition, even if they do not qualify for admission at ATFCs. Community education and engagement are critical components of a successful CMAM program. © The Author(s). 2019.Background In food insecure settings, it may be difficult for pregnant women to meet increased nutritional needs through traditional diets. A promising new strategy to fill nutrient gaps in pregnancy involves the provision of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS). We aimed to assess the acceptability and utilization of a 40 g LNS formulation (Epi-E) with increased micronutrient content relative to the recommended daily allowance among pregnant women in rural Niger. Methods We conducted a two-part, multi-methods study among pregnant women presenting to antenatal care in Madarounfa, Niger during two periods (Ramadan and non-Ramadan). Part 1 included two LNS test meals provided at the health center, and Part 2 included a 14-day home trial to simulate more realistic conditions outside of the health center. Open- and closed-ended questions were used to assess organoleptic properties of Epi-E using a 5-point hedonic scale after the test meals, as well as utilization and willingness to pay for Epi-E after the 14-day home trial. Results Participants consumed more than 90% of the test meal in both periods. Epi-E was rated highly in terms of overall liking, color, taste and smell during test meals in both periods (median 5/5 for all); only time, mode and frequency of consumption varied between Ramadan and non-Ramadan periods in observance of daily fasting during the holy month. Conclusion Epi- E, a 40 g LNS formulation with increased micronutrient content, was highly acceptable among pregnant women in rural Niger, and utilization was guided by household and individual considerations that varied by time period. Crenolanib PDGFR inhibitor This formulation can be further tested as a potential strategy to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women in this context. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02145000. Registered 22 May 2014. © The Author(s). 2019.Background About 24 million children across the world live without their parents. In resource-limited countries like Ethiopia, childhood malnutrition is common and intertwined with poverty. It is a leading cause of death for children contributing over half of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless; little is known about the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among under five age orphans, as most of the variable studies were geared towards under five children as wholesome. Method A community based cross-sectional study design complemented with qualitative methods was conducted collecting data from mothers/caretakers of 367 orphans in Dilla town, Southern Ethiopia from 5, Dec.2017-18, Jan. 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was used, A structured pretested interviewer administered questionnaire complemented by focus group discussions and key informant in-depth interviews" was used. Anthropometric measurements were also carried. Data were entered in to EPi-info version 3.5.4 s2.022; 95% CI 1.026-3.889). Conclusion The prevalence of wasting is high among under-five orphans; therefore, all concerned bodies should pay a great attention for proposed interventions like Strengthen the social interactions and indigenous institutions to maximize social care for under five orphans and Integrating locally available nutrition support programs to reach under 5 yrs orphans. © The Author(s). 2019.Background Globally, malnutrition underlies 45% of under-5 s mortality, mainly from potentiating common infections such as diarrhoea and pneumonia. Malnutrition as a public health problem is not evenly disbursed because of disparities in food insecurity and health, and children commonly suffer recurrent episodes of opportunistic infections. We aimed to understand better the spatial and temporal structure of multiple paediatric hospital admissions associated with malnutrition-related illnesses. This paper aimed to investigate the spatial-temporal variations in malnutrition-related recurrent morbidity of children under-5 years from the Kilifi County in Kenya between 2002 and 2015. Methods The study included data from children under-5 years old who had more than one admission to a rural district hospital in Kenya within the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS). The primary outcome was a malnutrition-related admission, based on wasting (WHZ less then -2) or nutritional oedema. Individual, hnutrition re-admission to the hospital. Conclusion Disease severity was strongly associated with admission with malnutrition but its effect reduced after adjusting for the spatial and temporal random effects. Adjusting for clustering in space and in time (spatial-temporal) in models helps to improve the understanding of recurrent hospitalisations involving malnutrition. © The Author(s). 2019.Background Vitamin D deficiency has been observed worldwide in pregnant women and their newborns. Maternal vitamin D deficiency can lead to deficiency in their newborn baby and has been linked with various complications during pregnancy and delivery. There is risk of premature delivery and it is associated with high neonatal mortality. Methods Seventy-nine pregnant women who were admitted to the Siddhi Memorial Hospital for delivery and their newborn babies were enrolled in the study. Maternal blood samples were taken before delivery while umbilical cord blood samples of their babies were taken after delivery. Serum vitamin D level and calcium level were assessed by fluorescence immunoassay using Ichromax vitamin D kit and endpoint method, respectively in the Siddhi Memorial Hospital laboratory. Results Mean +/- SD serum vitamin D and calcium levels in pregnant mother before delivery were 14.6 +/- 8.5 ng/ml and 8.0 +/- 0.5 mg/dl, respectively, and in the cord blood were 25.7 +/- 11.2 ng/ml and 8.6 +/- 0.9 mg/dl, respectively. Eighty-one percent of the mothers and 35.8% of their babies were found to have vitamin D deficiency. Although 97.5% of the pregnant women were taking calcium supplementation, serum calcium was found lower than the normal reference value in 67% of the pregnant women and 64.2% of their babies. There were a linear relationship between the maternal and baby's serum vitamin D (P  less then  0.001) and calcium (P  less then  0.001) levels. Conclusion There is high prevalence of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in pregnant mothers and newborn babies in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Pregnant women need to be supplemented with adequate amounts of these nutrients. © The Author(s). 2019.