Existing elements of DNA harm and restore in ecotoxicology the minireview

It means that Ni@SnNi-9h is a promising anode additive for lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and power density. © 2019 The Authors. Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.During the development of mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the original supernumerary axon inputs are gradually eliminated, finally leaving each muscle fiber innervated by a single axon terminal. However, the molecular cues that mediate the elimination of redundant axon inputs remain unclear. Here we show that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) expressed in postsynaptic muscle cells plays an important role in presynaptic axonal elimination at the NMJ. We found that intramuscular injection of TNFα into the levator auris longus (LAL) muscles caused disassociation of presynaptic nerve terminals from the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters. Selleck Erastin By contrast, genetic ablation of TNFα globally or specifically in skeletal muscle cells, but not in motoneurons or Schwann cells, delayed the synaptic elimination. Moreover, ablation of TNFα in muscle cells attenuated the tendency of activity-dependent competition in a motoneuron-muscle coculture system. These results suggest a role of postsynaptic TNFα in the elimination of redundant synaptic inputs. © The Author(s) 2020.Aim According to the need for the development of new anticancer agents, we have synthetized novel bioactive compounds and aimed to determine their antitumor action. Materials & methods We describe in vitro studies evaluating the effect of 35 novel chemical compounds on two triple negative murine mammary adenocarcinoma tumors. Results & conclusion Three compounds were selected because of their high antitumor activity and their low toxicity to normal cells. Their effect on tumor cells apoptosis, clonogenicity and migratory capacity, were determined. We found that the selected compounds showed inhibition of viability and clonogenic capacity, and promotion of apoptosis. They also decreased the migratory capacity of tumor cells. The results obtained suggest the likelihood of their future use as antitumor and/or antimetastatic agents. © 2020 Maria Jose Rico.Aim Combining computational lead optimization diagnostics with analog design and computational approaches for assessing optimization efforts are discussed and the compound optimization monitor is introduced. Methods Approaches for compound potency prediction are described and a new analog design algorithm is introduced. Calculation protocols are detailed. Results & discussion The study rationale is explained. Compound optimization monitor diagnostics are combined with a thoroughly evaluated approach for compound design and candidate prioritization. The diagnostic scoring scheme is further extended. Future perspective Opportunities for practical applications of the integrated computational methodology are described and further development perspectives are discussed. © 2020 Jürgen Bajorath.Here, we interpret malignant tissue transformation from the aging point of view, that is, as a result of insufficient cell adaptation to the needs of regeneration/repair and proliferation. A consequence of the aging (senescence) process is gradual loss of self-renewal potential. It limits lifespan and leads to death due to the decline of tissue/organ functions, failure of regulatory mechanisms, disruption of endogenous processes and increased susceptibility to exogenous factors. Recapitulation of the embryonic pathway of self-renewal/rejuvenation in adulthood is epigenetically determined. At the postembryonic stage, in the absence of immune privilege, this recapitulation is transformed into cancer (potency expansion of single structures composing the organism to the detriment of the whole organism or disintegrating growth). We suggest that the process of rebirth occurs in the same way as embryonic tissue growth. Thus, the idea to use the potential of the transformed cells to stop the aging process has been proposed. © 2020 Baramiya MG.Aim Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising tool for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. One major difficulty in establishing a MSC expansion protocol is the large volume of bone marrow (BM) required. We studied whether cells trapped within a collection bag and filter system could be considered as a source of MSC. Results From the 20 BM collection bag and filter systems, we recovered an average of 1.68 × 108 mononuclear cells, which is the equivalent to 60 ml of filtered BM. Mononuclear cells were expanded ex vivo to 17 × 106 MSC, with purity shown by a CD44+, CD105+, CD90+ and CD73+ immunophenotype, a reduction of 20% proliferating cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction and also the ability of adipocyte differentiation. Conclusion Long-term MSC cultures were established from the usually discarded BM collection bag and filter, maintaining an appropriate phenotype and function, being suitable for both investigation and clinical settings. © 2020 Sergio Machado Lopes.Marjorie Pizarro-Guajardo is a postdoctoral fellow at the Universidad Andrés Bello (Santiago, Chile), where she studies Clostridium difficile spores. She won the 2019 Future Science Future Star Award. Here she tells us about her career to date, and how she felt winning the award. © 2020 Marjorie Pizarro-Guajardo.Balkees Abderrahman is the Dallas/Ft Worth Living Legend Fellow of Cancer Research at MD Anderson Cancer Center (TX, USA) and split-site PhD candidate under Model 'Individuals of Very High Quality' at the University of Leeds (UK), where she studies cancer. She was one of three finalists of the 2019 Future Science Future Star Award. Here, she tells us about her career to-date. © 2019 Balkees Abderrahman.Nathan Bahr is an Assistant Professor in infectious disease research at the University of Kansas (USA). He works in global health, tuberculosis meningitis, cryptococcal meningitis and histoplasmosis. He was one of three finalists of the 2019 Future Science Future Star Award. Here, he tells us about his career to-date. © 2020 Nathan Bahr.When I started my doctoral degree a couple of years ago at the University of Tasmania in Australia, my enthusiasm for starting a doctoral degree with a scholarship was very high; however, along the way, due to various challenges, I began to ask myself is acquiring a doctoral degree worth it? In this article, I provide a detailed account of how I started and completed my doctoral study and highlight the inherent lessons I learned. © 2020 Olumide A Odeyemi.