Design pulmonary vasculature in decellularized rat and also man voice

Differences in feature values between time points were calculated for each feature, and logistic regression was used in conjunction with analysis of variance to classify patients with and without RP ( p 0.5 . Conclusions Radiomics features extracted using different software packages can result in differences in classification ability. © 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).Purpose Placental size in early pregnancy has been associated with important clinical outcomes, including fetal growth. However, extraction of placental size from three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) requires time-consuming interactive segmentation methods and is prone to user variability. We propose a semiautomated segmentation technique that requires minimal user input to robustly measure placental volume from 3DUS images. Approach For semiautomated segmentation, a single, central 2D slice was manually annotated to initialize an automated multi-atlas label fusion (MALF) algorithm. The dataset consisted of 47 3DUS volumes obtained at 11 to 14 weeks in singleton pregnancies (28 anterior and 19 posterior). Twenty-six of these subjects were imaged twice within the same session. Dice overlap and surface distance were used to quantify the automated segmentation accuracy compared to expert manual segmentations. The mean placental volume measurements obtained by our method and VOCAL (virtual organ computer-aided analysis), a leading commercial semiautomated method, were compared to the manual reference set. The test-retest reliability was also assessed. Results The overlap between our automated segmentation and manual (mean Dice 0.824 ± 0.061 , median 0.831) was within the range reported by other methods requiring extensive manual input. The average surface distance was 1.66 ± 0.96    mm . The correlation coefficient between test-retest volumes was r = 0.88 , and the intraclass correlation was ICC ( 1 ) = 0.86 . Conclusions MALF is a promising method that can allow accurate and reliable segmentation of the placenta with minimal user interaction. Further refinement of this technique may allow for placental biometry to be incorporated into clinical pregnancy surveillance. © 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).Purpose Recently, progress has been achieved in implementing phase-contrast tomography of soft biological tissues at laboratory sources. This opens up opportunities for three-dimensional (3-D) histology based on x-ray computed tomography ( μ - and nanoCT) in the direct vicinity of hospitals and biomedical research institutions. Combining advanced x-ray generation and detection techniques with phase reconstruction algorithms, 3-D histology can be obtained even of unstained tissue of the central nervous system, as shown, for example, for biopsies and autopsies of human cerebellum. Depending on the setup, i.e., source, detector, and geometric parameters, laboratory-based tomography can be implemented at very different sizes and length scales. We investigate the extent to which 3-D histology of neuronal tissue can exploit the cone-beam geometry at high magnification M using a nanofocus transmission x-ray tube (nanotube) with a 300 nm minimal spot size (Excillum), combined with a single-photon counting camera. Tigtory phase-contrast x-ray tomography. Conclusions The phase retrieval scheme utilized mixes amplitude and phase contrast, with results being robust with respect to reconstruction parameters. Structural information content is comparable to slightly superior to previous results achieved with a microfocus rotating-anode setup but can be obtained in shorter scan time. Beyond advantages as compactness, lowered power consumption, and flexibility, the nanotube setup's scalability in view of the progress in pixel detector technology is particularly beneficial. Further progress is thus likely to bring 3-D virtual histology to the performance in scan time and throughput required for clinical practice in neuropathology. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1117/1.NPh.5.4.045005.]. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.Significance Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects over 40 million U.S. adults in their lifetime. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) has been shown to be effective in treating MDD, but the current treatment dosage does not account for head and brain anatomical changes due to aging. Aim We study effective t-PBM dosage and its variations across age groups using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo simulations and age-dependent brain atlases ranging between 5 and 85 years of age. Approach Age-dependent brain models are derived from 18 MRI brain atlases. Two extracranial source positions, F3-F4 and Fp1-Fpz-Fp2 in the EEG 10-20 system, are simulated at five selected wavelengths and energy depositions at two MDD-relevant cortical regions-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)-are quantified. Results An overall decrease of energy deposition was found with increasing age. A strong negative correlation between the thickness of extracerebral tissues (ECT) and energy deposition was observed, suggesting that increasing ECT thickness over age is primarily responsible for reduced energy delivery. The F3-F4 position appears to be more efficient in reaching dlPFC compared to treating vmPFC via the Fp1-Fpz-Fp2 position. Conclusions Quantitative simulations revealed age-dependent light delivery across the lifespan of human brains, suggesting the need for personalized and age-adaptive t-PBM treatment planning. CombretastatinA4 © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.