Cell disruption as well as astaxanthin removing from Haematococcus pluvialis Recent advances

Price competition has the potential to reduce health expenditures without hindering pharmaceutical innovation. However, empirical evidence on price competition after generic drugs are introduced is scarce. This study investigates product- and substance-level determinants of price competition following the entry of generics into the South Korean market.
We selected substances that were approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety from 2000 to 2019, linked their corresponding pharmaceutical products, measured the degree of price competition under various scenarios, and utilized multilevel analysis to investigate the determinants of price competition.
A total of 986 substances and 12,109 corresponding pharmaceutical products were identified. Only 11% of products were affected by price competition in the 10% scenario. However, the number increased to 43% when we measured price competition at the substance level. buy Genipin Major domestic manufacturers mainly initiated price competition at the product level, while em.
Preterm birth (PTB) is a global issue although its burden is higher in low- and middle-income countries. This study examined the risk factors of PTB in Southeastern Terai, Nepal.
In this community-based cross-sectional study, a total of 305 mothers having children under the age of 6 months were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected by structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and maternal antenatal cards from study participants for some clinical information. Predictors of PTB were identified using multi-level logistic regression analysis at a
-value < 0.05.
Of the total 305 mother-live-born baby pairs, 13.77% (42/305) had preterm childbirth. Maternal socio-demographic factors such as mothers from Dalit caste/ethnicity [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 12.16, 95% CI = 2.2-64.61] and Aadibasi/Janajati caste/ethnicity (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI = 1.01-14.65), family income in the first tercile (AOR = 6.82, 95% CI = 1.65-28.08), than their counterparts, were significantly positiveseling services offered to them, as well as having an adequate diet to a level that meets their daily requirements.
Some socio-demographic, maternal, and dietary behavior-related factors were independently associated with PTB. These factors should be considered while designing targeted health interventions in Nepal. In addition, we recommend specific measures such as promoting pregnant women to use available antenatal care and counseling services offered to them, as well as having an adequate diet to a level that meets their daily requirements.
New variants of SARS-CoV-2 are constantly discovered. Administration of COVID-19 vaccines and booster doses, combined with the application of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs
, is often used to prevent outbreaks of emerging variants. Such outbreak dynamics are further complicated by the population's behavior and demographic composition. Hence, realistic simulations are needed to estimate the efficiency of proposed vaccination strategies in conjunction with NPIs.
We developed an individual-based model of COVID-19 dynamics that considers age-dependent parameters such as contact matrices, probabilities of symptomatic and severe disease, and households' age distribution. As a case study, we simulate outbreak dynamics under the demographic compositions of two Israeli cities with different household sizes and age distributions. We compare two vaccination strategies vaccinate individuals in a currently prioritized age group, or dynamically prioritize neighborhoods with a high estimated reproductive numbers (e.g., household size and age distributions). The presented simulation framework and findings can help better design future responses against the following emerging variants.
To analyze the research hot spots and frontiers of studies on of the fusion of sports and medicine (FSM) in China in recent decade
CiteSpace.
Relevant publications related FSM published from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 were obtained from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. CiteSpace software was used to analyze the amount of publications, institutions and keywords using standard bibliometric indicators.
A total of 729 publications on FSM were identified, and 688 qualified records were included in the final analysis. Between 2012 to 2021, the number of publications showed a trend of growth, albeit with certain fluctuations. The authors of these publications were mainly from universities or colleges with sports background. The institution leading the study was the Beijing Sport University (
= 20), the most prolific (
=12) and most-cited (224 times) author was Guo JJ from Capital University of Physical Education Sports. The journal with most publications on FSM was
(
=74). The analysis of keywords showed that the "FSM" had the highest frequency (
= 269), "integration of sports and medicine" had the strongest citation bursts (4.82), "national fitness" had the highest centrality (0.97) in recent decade, and 15 clusters of keywords were produced by log-likelihood ratio (all silhouette value >0.9).
The findings of this bibliometric study analyse the current status and trends in the FSM in China, which may help to identify hot topics, explore new study directions for scholars and policymakers in the future.
The findings of this bibliometric study analyse the current status and trends in the FSM in China, which may help to identify hot topics, explore new study directions for scholars and policymakers in the future.
In the context of a holistic and comprehensive disaster response effort to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries across the globe mobilized their military forces in order to cope with sudden and exponential surges of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in stretched healthcare systems.
The purpose of this work is to identify, map, and render world-wide key concepts of civil-military cooperation (CIMIC) in disaster management during the COVID-19 crisis visible.
Literature was systematically searched in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) on 26 January 2022, and analyzed with qualitative, mixed narrative-phenomenological methods in compliance with PRISM-ScR and SRQR.
Forty-five publications were included in the analysis; pertinent authors were from 22 countries covering five continents. We identified three key thematic clusters in the published literature Cluster (1) Medico-scientific contributions with the participation of military medical personnel or institutions members of thr austere circumstances, SARS-CoV-2 testing support, intelligent and innovative information management, vaccination support, and disaster communication. Cluster (3) The military as a role model for crisis management.
Civil-military cooperation made a significant contribution to the level of resilience in crisis management on a global scale, positively impacting a broad spectrum of core abilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Civil-military cooperation made a significant contribution to the level of resilience in crisis management on a global scale, positively impacting a broad spectrum of core abilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Health workers in low- and middle-income countries are increasingly demanded to collect more and more data to report them to higher levels of the health information system (HIS), in detriment of useful data for clinical and public health decision-making, potentially compromising the quality of their health care provison. In order to support health workers' decision-making, we engaged with partners in Côte d'Ivoire, Mozambique and Nigeria in a research project to conceive, design, produce, implement and test paper-based health information tools the PHISICC tools. Our aim was to understand the use of PHISICC tools by health workers and to improve them based on their feedback.
The design Health Facility Laboratories (HF Labs) in Côte d'Ivoire and in Nigeria were set up after months of use of PHISICC tools. Activities were structured in three phases or 'sprints' of co-creative research. We used a transdisciplinary approach, including anthropology and Human Centered Design (HCD), observations, shadowing, strucove them. In the absence of (or even with) an analytical health systems framework, HCD approaches can work in real-life situations for the ideation, testing and implementation of interventions to improve health systems and health status outcomes.
Although health systems and systemic thinking allowed the teams to embrace complexity, it was the HCD approach that actually produced a shift in researchers' mind-set from HIS as data management tools to HIS as quality of care instruments. HCD allowed navigating the complexity of health systems interventions due to its capacity to operate change it not only allowed us to understand how the PHISICC tools were used but also how to further improve them. In the absence of (or even with) an analytical health systems framework, HCD approaches can work in real-life situations for the ideation, testing and implementation of interventions to improve health systems and health status outcomes.
Car accidents are often accompanied by dangerous substances leaking into the environment. A proper reaction to the leaking substances, utilizing appropriate sorbents, is necessary for diminishing the negative impact of such events. Sorbents as substances of initial intervention in car accidents (as well as industrial and ecological accidents) are a crucial tool for solving crises connected with dangerous substances escaping into the environment. The risk resulting from the given realities is described in detail in the introduction of the article.
The goal is describing elements of crisis management in dangerous substance leakage and an analysis of sorption resources for quick and efficient interception of leaking substances, water, ethanol, oil, and gasoline in particular, as a reaction to such events.
The quality of a sorption resource is determined by a parameter called the sorption capacity, which has been established according to the ASTM F716-18 standard. Loose nature-based sorbents (peat) and syntion capacity values are significantly lower.
Orphan oncology drugs used in this article were defined by the type of disease treated by drugs, as drugs used to treat rare diseases with a prevalence of ≤ 500 per million people per year. In this article, our concern was to explore focus on the economic evaluation of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), when orphan oncology drugs were appraised for reimbursement, and provide advice and suggestions to decision-makers.
A retrospective study was used in this study. Thirty guidance were gathered as our subject by NICE from 2016 to 2020, excluded drugs were not identified as orphan by European Medicines Agency (EMA) and orphan drugs were not used for cancer, and orphan oncology drugs were terminated at the time of data collection at NICE. Qualitative analysis, descriptive statistics, and Fisher's exact test were conducted.
Of all guidance, the partitioned survival model was used most to appraise orphan oncology drugs, and every drug had a kind of commercial arrangement such as patient access scheme (PAS), managed access arrangements (MAAs), and commercial access agreement (CAAs).