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It was observed that the Andersen samplers should not be pretreated with 75% ethanol before airborne microbes sampling. The pretreatment should be carried out by autoclaving, and the sampling time has little effect on the sampling results.Underwater video is increasingly used to study aspects of the Great Lakes benthos including the abundance of round goby and dreissenid mussels. The introduction of these two species have resulted in major ecological shifts in the Great Lakes, but the species and their impacts have heretofore been underassessed due to limitations of monitoring methods. Underwater video (UVID) can "sample" hard bottom sites where grab samplers cannot. Efficient use of UVID data requires affordable and accurate classification and analysis tools. Deep Lake Explorer (DLE) is a web application developed to support crowdsourced classification of UVID collected in the Great Lakes. Volunteers (i.e., the crowd) used DLE to classify 199 videos collected in the Niagara River, Lake Huron, and Lake Ontario for the following attributes round goby, Dreissena, and aquatic vegetation presence, and dominant substrate type. We compared DLE classification results to expert classification of the same videos to evaluate accuracy. Depending on the attribute, DLE had 77% (hard substrate) to 90% (vegetation presence) agreement with expert classification of videos. Detection rates, or the number of videos with an attribute detected by both volunteers and an expert divided by the number where only the expert detected the attribute, ranged from 62% (hard substrate) to 95% (soft substrate) depending on the attribute. Many factors affected accuracy, including video quality in the application, video processing, abundance of species of interest, volunteer experience, and task complexity. Crowdsourcing tools like DLE can increase timeliness and decrease costs but may come with tradeoffs in accuracy and completeness.Whole-lake surveys of Lake Superior were completed during late summer in 2006, 2011, and 2016 to assess lower food web conditions under the Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative (CSMI). These surveys used a spatially stratified probability approach based on depth to assess food web conditions within different depth zones. BI-2852 manufacturer We evaluated differences in crustacean zooplankton biomass, rotifer density, and the community structure of both groups in nearshore (100 m) depth zones and investigated changes in these parameters within zones over time. Although nearshore crustacean biomasses and rotifer densities were highly variable, the depth zones differed from each other based on these parameters and should be considered separately. Crustacean biomass, community structure, and vertical position were consistent over time across depth zones. The differences that did occur were within the range of known annual variability. Total rotifer densities were lower in 2016 than in 2006 in all depth zones but the genera that contributed to the lower values were not the same across zones. Further studies are needed to know whether these differences reflect annual variability or long-term trends. Finally, we show how the depth zones used in this study can facilitate comparisons between monitoring programs. This is important because most zooplankton studies are limited to certain depth zones and changes in zooplankton parameters may not occur uniformly across zones. The high variability in nearshore zooplankton parameters suggests that additional research may be needed to effectively track changes there.Bitcoin is designed as a peer-to-peer cash system. To work as a currency, it must be stable or be backed by a government. In this paper, we show that the volatility of Bitcoin prices is extreme and almost 10 times higher than the volatility of major exchange rates (US dollar against the euro and the yen). The excess volatility even adversely affects its potential role in portfolios. Our analysis implies that Bitcoin cannot function as a medium of exchange and has only limited use as a risk-diversifier. In contrast, we use the deflationary design of Bitcoin as a theoretical basis and demonstrate that Bitcoin displays store of value characteristics over long horizons.Basing on scientific evidence and discussions with many people about COVID-19, an outline of the Three Cs Strategy is presented as an alternative to lockdown. The suggested solutions - eg encouraging regular physical activity outdoors (also for symptomless quarantined people), frequent ventilation with fresh air, and more careful use of antipyretics - can markedly help to reduce the rate of transmission of this disease. The new strategy is also likely to lower the risk of mental disorders and various diseases, thanks to promotion of a healthy lifestyle. The outline should be discussed and refined in the future, to improve public health worldwide.
Liposuction, is amongst the most popular cosmetic surgical procedures worldwide and is pretty safe with a very low incidence of major complications in the hands of skilled plastic surgeons. As a matter of fact, a faultless liposuction of the calves and ankles is near the top of the list in providing a high satisfaction rate.
We present a case of 38-year old female with severe complication from liposuction of the thighs, calves and ankles with dimples and contour irregularity.
The results were very bad aesthetically with over correction liposuction of the calves and a lot of contour surface irregularity, asymmetry, dimples and grooves. We recommended her several procedures of autologous fat grafting in the calves, to improve the contour irregularities, and the patient agreed to it.
The surgeon should be very cautious in examining the patient in details to see if liposuction of the calves and ankles is the proper procedure to address their interest. Several times it is required to combine different refinement techniques to achieve patients' aesthetic requests and enhance their appearance.
The surgeon should be very cautious in examining the patient in details to see if liposuction of the calves and ankles is the proper procedure to address their interest. Several times it is required to combine different refinement techniques to achieve patients' aesthetic requests and enhance their appearance.
Colocolic intussusception in adults is uncommon and poses both a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. The association of an underlying malignancy necessitates a preoperative confirmation of diagnosis. The presenting features are variable. Hence contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen is pivotal for diagnosis. An en bloc resection of the specimen in accordance with standard oncological principles is the mainstay of treatment.
A case of colocolic intussusception in an adult is presented to highlight the difficulties in preoperative diagnosis and in selecting the best surgical option for treatment.
Adult bowel intussusception is a diagnostic dilemma with preoperative diagnosis being the biggest challenge. CT scan of the abdomen is an excellent diagnostic modality with high diagnostic accuracy. Explorative laparotomy with en bloc resection is mainstay of treatment in adults.
Adult bowel intussusception is a diagnostic dilemma with preoperative diagnosis being the biggest challenge. CT scan of the abdomen is an excellent diagnostic modality with high diagnostic accuracy. Explorative laparotomy with en bloc resection is mainstay of treatment in adults.
The Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in middle-aged women and that causes skin metastasis. Skin metastasis in internal cancer cases is a very rare condition and may be difficult to diagnose and have poor prognostic marker. Cutaneous metastasis of breast carcinoma is mostly seen as direct invasion and/or local infiltration. However, in addition to the well-known types, cutaneous metastases may mimic many benign skin lesions and therefore may be difficult to diagnose.
In this article we present a 36-year-old woman with telangiectatic carcinoma-like lymphangioma circumscriptum, a rare form of cutaneous metastasis skin metastases. It can be the first sign of internal malignancies, so early diagnosis is very important at this stage.
Therefore, solitary lesions or benign dermatoses seen in the skin and not associated with specific disease should be considered as tumor metastasis especially in female patients with a history of breast cancer and differential diagnosis must be made.
Therefore, solitary lesions or benign dermatoses seen in the skin and not associated with specific disease should be considered as tumor metastasis especially in female patients with a history of breast cancer and differential diagnosis must be made.
Sport injuries, most of the time affect muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage and bones and range from very mild to severe, prompting different therapeutic approaches. Overuse is the most common cause of sports injuries and half of those injuries affect tendon, tendon sheet and tendon insertion to the bone. The number of ligament injuries, particularly anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) increasing.
We were searching PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline focusing on human clinical studies related to stem cell therapy for tendinopathies and ligament injuries. Considering small number of published articles, we accepted papers with all level of evidence without following strict PRISMA guidelines.
The number of studies related to ligament injuries is very low compared to tendon injuries. In human clinical trials there have been only a few studies published so far. In double blind randomized control trial (RCT) Wang and coauthors combined allogenic precursor mesenchymal stem cells (MPC) with hyaluronic acid (HA) on of MSCs for treatment of tendon and ligament injuries might be good alternative option for athletes. Published clinical studies confirmed clinical improvement and integrity of impaired tissues. However, RTCs are needed to confirm real potential of cell therapy and their advantages comparing to other treatment options.
Diabetes is a chronic disease and usually is associated with inflammatory conditions. Although assessment of inflammatory markers such lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is not likely to be conducted in routine practice, it can help in monitoring disease progress.
The main objectives of the present study are to assess the levels of LDH among diabetic patients treated in the outpatient clinics at King Hussein Medical Center, and to investigate the relationships between the levels of LDH and other variables such as age, gender, BMI, and glucose levels.
A retrospective study was conducted to collect data from files of diabetic patients. A total of 62 files were selected. Files of diabetic patients were included if complete information including LDH are included. An excel sheet was used to enter the raw data for all patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Data were presented as means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages. The relationships between variables were computed using T test, and Chi-square. The significance will be considered at p ≤ 0.05.
The mean age was 75±12 years. About 53% of participants were males. The mean of BMI was 31.47±20.90 kg/m2. link2 The mean glucose level was 239±85 mg/dl. The mean level of LDH was 328.34±78 U/L. link3 There was a significant association between the level of LDH and study variables. Gender had no significant impacts on the levels of LH and other study variables.
Determination of the level of LDH helps in assessment of progression of diabetes and it is recommended to be performed clinically in routine practice.
Determination of the level of LDH helps in assessment of progression of diabetes and it is recommended to be performed clinically in routine practice.