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Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the starch being coated or embedded by protein was a possible reason for the differences in physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility between yam starch and yam flour.The ability of chitosan (1% w/v), Bifidobacterium longum (108 CFU mL-1) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (108 CFU mL-1) separately or in combination (chitosan/B. longum, chitosan/S. cerevisiae, B. longum/S. cerevisiae) was assessed for lead (II) removal from aqueous solutions. The results showed chitosan/B. longum adsorbent had higher adsorption percentage in comparison with other adsorbents (p less then 0.05). It was selected as the most efficient adsorbent and the effect of process variables including initial metal concentration (0.01-5 mg L-1), contact time (5-180 min), temperature (4-37 °C) and pH (3-6) on the its removal efficiency was evaluated with a Box-Behnken design. Twenty-seven test runs were performed and the optimal conditions for metal adsorption was observed at metal concentration of 2.5 mg L-1, contact time of 180 min, temperature of 37 °C and pH 4.5. The maximum lead (II) adsorption yield under optimal conditions was 97.6%. The foreign ions didn't diminish lead (II) adsorption by chitosan/B. longum and it had high selectivity toward the lead (II). Adsorption behavior was analyzed using the Freundlich and the Langmuir isotherms. The correlation coefficients (R2) demonstrated the Langmuir model had a better description on metal adsorption process. Overall, isotherms revealed chemisorption and physisorption were probably involved in metal adsorption on adsorbent.The polygenic nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cross-talk between several signaling cascades make it harder to decode the disease pathogenesis. β-secretase (BACE1) works upstream in the amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate Aβ that rapidly aggregates to form fibrils, the most abundant component of plaques observed in AD brains. Here, we report dual inhibition of BACE1 and Aβ aggregation by neohesperidin, a flavonoid glycoconjugate, using multi-spectroscopic approaches, force microscopy, molecular modeling, and validated the potency in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence reveal that neohesperidin binds close to the catalytic aspartate dyad. This binding conformationally restricts the protein in closed form which possibly precludes APP recognition and thereby inhibits BACE1 activity. Neohesperidin also dose-dependently inhibits the amyloid fibril formation, as evident from ANS, ThT assay, and AFM. Neohesperidin ameliorates aggregated Aβ25-35 induced ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the SH-SY5Y cell line. As a result, the amyloid induced apoptosis is significantly prohibited and normal neuronal morphology is rescued. These findings suggest neohesperidin as an inhibitor of the pathogenic conversion of Aβ to fibrillar amyloid assembly. Neohesperidin thus emerges as a non-toxic multi-potent scaffold for the development of AD therapeutics.Chitosan-pectin gel beads (CPBs) were synthesized via a facile and green method and applied to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution. The structural characteristics of CPBs were investigated by SEM and FTIR, the mechanical strength of CPBs was measured by Texture Analyzer and the stability of CPBs was evaluated in acidic solution. To study the adsorption characteristics, the effect of pH, contact time, initial heavy metals concentration, temperature, adsorption mechanism and regeneration were systematically investigated. The adsorption kinetics fitted well pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption isotherms were well described by Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II) were 169.4, 177.6, 208.5 and 266.5 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption-desorption experiments revealed that the CPBs exhibited a great reusability. Thus, the synthesized CPBs in this study had the potential to be utilized as an environment-friendly and green adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals.New chitosan Schiff base (3EtO-4OH/Chit) and its 3EtO-4OH/Chit/Fe2O3 nanocomposite were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, TGA, DSC and SEM. The result confirmed the preparation of 3EtO-4OH/Chit and its 3EtO-4OH/Chit/Fe2O3 nanocomposite. The efficiency of the prepared catalysts was studied for the methyl orange (MO) removal from aqueous solution. The effect of adsorbent dose and contact time on the removal of dye has been studied. Their antibacterial activities were considered against two Gram positive (S. aureus and B. cereus) and two Gram negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) bacteria and the results showed that the activity of the 3EtO-4OH/Chit/Fe2O3 is excellent and is more than chitosan and 3EtO-4OH/Chit. Thermogravimetry studies shows that the weight loss stages and the residual value at 600 °C are different for the two compounds. this website DSC curve of the title compounds 3EtO-4OH/Chit and 3EtO-4OH/Chit/Fe2O3 is different from each other. The reason for this difference could be due to the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles in 3EtO-4OH/Chit/Fe2O3.Most of the people in the world are affected by glaucoma, which leads to irreversible blindness. Several patient friendly treatments are available, nevertheless medications lack an easy and efficient way of sustained delivery. To make the delivery with enhanced bioavailability, biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers-based drug carriers are explored. However, ocular drug delivery issues have not been resolved yet due to less adhesiveness, poor penetration ability, pH, and temperature dependent burst releases. Chitosan is found to be effective for ocular drug delivery due to excellent physio-chemical properties in terms of overcoming the existing issues. In this review, we aim to highlight why it has been chosen and the holy grail for ocular drug delivery. Besides, we have comprehensively reviewed recent patents on chitosan as a platform for ocular drug delivery and future perspectives on factors, lacunae and challenges that need to be addressed for better ocular delivery methods for glaucoma management.