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d suggest that combination with agents which boost antitumor immune responses should be a priority.
No suitable scale was identified in literature that comprehensively measure self-efficacy of Pakistani breast cancer patients. The study aimed to develop a self-efficacy scale in Urdu language and determine its dimensions.
The scale was developed with input from experts and literature. It was administered, in crosssectional phase of two pilot studies, on breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Post hoc internal consistency reliability was computed and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed.
SES-U comprised 17 questions. PCA revealed a total of five factors explaining cumulative variance of 68.7%. These factors were self-confidence, faith, coping, optimism, and decision making. Post hoc internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) value was high (∞ = 0.87).
The self-efficacy scale has acceptable validity and reliability and has potential to obtain information related to self-efficacy of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
The self-efficacy scale has acceptable validity and reliability and has potential to obtain information related to self-efficacy of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
To develop an attitude scale that measures the cognitive, affective, and behavioral skills of women to prevent cervical cancer.
Content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were examined. The content validity was evaluated by eight experts. The psychometric properties of a 39-item scale were evaluated on 530 women in a community health center in Turkey.
The content validity index was 0.98. The factor loads of the scales were above 0.65 and the variance explanation ratio was 55.5%. In confirmatory factor analysis, the final scale structure with three factors and 22-item was confirmed. Cronbach's Alpha was .87.
The results show that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for revealing the attitudes of Turkish women toward cervical cancer prevention.
The results show that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for revealing the attitudes of Turkish women toward cervical cancer prevention.
Oral mucositis is one of the most common treatment-induced adverse side effects in head and neck cancer patients. The purpose was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Oral Mucositis Weekly Questionnaire-Head and Neck Cancer (OMWQ-HN).
The data were retrieved from 72 head and neck cancer patients who were undergoing oral radiotherapy as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy and surgery. Data analyses included internal consistency reliability, criterion related validity, and cross-sectional validity.
The OMWQ-HN demonstrated good criterion validity. Strong correlations were observed between OMWQ-HN with EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35 that showed good concurrent validity. The tool has a strong internal consistency index with α = .92.
The Greek version of OMWQ-HN is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for the assessment of oral mucositis in this context.
The Greek version of OMWQ-HN is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for the assessment of oral mucositis in this context.
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on maternal and newborn health is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies with comparison data on SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19 during pregnancy. We searched for eligible studies in MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, medRxiv and Cochrane databases up to Jan. 29, 2021, using Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords for "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR coronavirus disease 2019 OR COVID-19" AND "pregnancy." We evaluated the methodologic quality of all included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Our primary outcomes were preeclampsia and preterm birth. Secondary outcomes included stillbirth, gestational diabetes and other pregnancy outcomes. We calculated summary odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects meta-analysis.
We included 42 studies involving 438 548 people who were pregnant. Compared with no SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy, COVID-19 was associated with preeclampsia (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.73), preterm birth (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.39) and stillbirth (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.90). selleck products Compared with mild COVID-19, severe COVID-19 was strongly associated with preeclampsia (OR 4.16, 95% CI 1.55 to 11.15), preterm birth (OR 4.29, 95% CI 2.41 to 7.63), gestational diabetes (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.64) and low birth weight (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.12).
COVID-19 may be associated with increased risks of preeclampsia, preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
COVID-19 may be associated with increased risks of preeclampsia, preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the midbrain are involved in controlling orienting and approach of animals toward relevant external stimuli. The firing of DA neurons is regulated by many brain structures; however, the sensory input is provided predominantly by the ipsilateral superior colliculus (SC). It is suggested that SC also innervates the contralateral rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg)-the main inhibitory input to DA neurons. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the physiology and anatomy of the SC-RMTg pathway. To investigate the anatomic connections within the circuit of interest, anterograde, retrograde, and transsynaptic tract-tracing studies were performed on male Sprague Dawley rats. We have observed that RMTg is monosynaptically innervated predominantly by the lateral parts of the intermediate layer of the contralateral SC. To study the physiology of this neuronal pathway, we conducted in vivo electrophysiological experiments combined with optogenetics; the activity of RMTg neurons was recorded using silicon probes, while either contralateral or ipsilateral SC was optogenetically stimulated.