Placebo From the Enactive Perspective

01), greater time-to-peak GRF (p = 0.03), and smaller loading rates (p less then 0.01) than female dancers. No differences were observed in vertical impulse during single-leg landing or in any variables during double-leg landing. These results indicate that sex differences in landing GRFs are most evident in single-leg landing and may underlie divergent injury rates in male and female dancers. Further investigation of relevant lower extremity biomechanics during single- and double-leg landing in male and female dancers should be conducted to identify the mechanisms underlying these distinct GRF profiles.Irish dance requires lengthy, intensive training to perform at a high level in competitions and professionally. Irish dancers have been known to have high injury rates. Appropriate nutrient and fluid intakes have been shown to minimize the risk of fatigue and injury during training and performance in sport, but there is a lack of evidence as to whether and how this might apply in Irish dance. Forty adult Irish dancers, 35 females (age 21 ± 3 years) and five males (aged 27 ± 8 years), professionals or in full time training, were recruited for this study to investigate nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, and body composition. Participants were asked to complete "The Sport Nutrition Questionnaire," a sport- and dance-specific nutrition knowledge questionnaire, 4 day estimated food diaries, and under-take a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to assess body composition. Food diaries were analyzed using Dietplan 7. Reported energy, fiber, iron (females), magnesium (females), selenium, iodine (females), and folatdy, further work is needed to inform and improve diets and support the demands of Irish dance.Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common anatomical variant in ballet dancers. Cam morphology (a subtype of FAI) and increased alpha angles have been identified as risk factors for hip pain. Ultrasound has recently been used to measure alpha angles in the diagnosis of cam morphology, but its utility remains understudied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound measured alpha angles on hip pain and function scores in elite female adolescent ballet dancers. The alpha angles of 25 dancers (mean age 15.9 years) were measured using ultrasound and calculated with ImageJ Software. Cam morphology was defined by alpha angles of 60° or greater. Participants rated their hip pain and function using the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT-12) survey. For normally distributed variables, the independent t-test was performed, and for abnormally distributed variables, the Mann-Whitney U Test. Along with mean and standard deviation (SD) values, median score, interquartile range (IQR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were also analyzed. Significantly lower iHOT-12 scores were found in dancers with alpha angles ≥ 60° (mean ± SD, 74.34 ± 13.01; 95% CIs, 58.18, 90.50, median 67.20; IQR, 18.55), compared to dancers with alpha angles less then 60° (mean ± SD, 80.22 ± 15.65; 95% CIs, 72.90, 87.54; median, 81.60; IQR, 16.35; p = 0.001). It is concluded that 1. elite female adolescent ballet dancers with alpha angles higher than 60° experienced worse hip pain and function; 2. alpha angles may impact hip pain and function in these dancers; and 3. further studies should use a prospective design to investigate the predictive ability of their findings.BACKGROUND Syncope and near-syncope are commonly encountered symptoms. Many cases are situationally specific or otherwise benign, with no adverse aeromedical implications. Autonomic dysfunction can produce orthostatic intolerance with resultant symptoms and is aeromedically concerning for potential occurrence in flight. Vitamin B12 deficiency is an insidious condition with protean manifestations, which can present with autonomic dysfunction. Neurological abnormalities are often reversible following adequate replacement.CASE REPORT We describe a case of vitamin B12 deficiency in a pilot with atypical syncope and abnormal tilt-table testing who had progressively abnormal hematologic findings on review. He was also discovered to have intrinsic factor antibodies. After B12 replacement, he had normal cardiovascular response to exercise stress testing and an unremarkable centrifuge assessment.DISCUSSION This case highlights the importance of recognizing subtle laboratory findings and serial laboratory data review in cases of atypical syncope to identify potential reversible etiologies.Hesselbrock RR, Palileo EV, Davenport ED. Vitamin B12 deficiency related syncope in a young military pilot. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(9)746748.INTRODUCTION Numerous issues in mental health benefit from technological innovation. An example involves the mental health challenges of long-duration spaceflight (such as a Mars mission), including prolonged confinement, microgravity, and different sunlight exposure lengths. FKBP inhibitor Persisting on Earth are global mental health challenges stemming from disease burdens, limited interview-based diagnostic systems, trial-and-error treatment approaches, and suboptimal access. There is potential for cross-pollinating solutions between these seemingly disparate challenges using a range of emerging technologies such as sensors, omics, and big data. In this review, we highlight the bidirectional value of mental health technology transfer aimed to address issues both on Earth and in space.METHODS We prepared a systematic review of studies pertaining to mental health technological innovation and space medicine.RESULTS For Earth mental health technologies translatable to long-duration space missions, we cite several example tecBACKGROUND From 2007, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) permitted pilots who have had a heart transplant to be considered for recertification under special issuance at the third-class level. The objective of this study was to evaluate certification safety and determine if any adverse outcome occurred in this airman group as a consequence of this policy.METHODS Methods involved collecting data from the FAA Document Imaging Workflow System to identify airmen undergoing cardiac transplantation since 2007, and examining medical and safety-related outcomes through the National Transportation Safety Board-related accident database and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Death Index.RESULTS Included in the study were 36 airmen, with 16 recertified at the class 3 level and 20 denied certification. No aviation accidents or recorded deaths occurred in the group of 16 airmen undergoing recertification. Of these airmen, 13 underwent a second successful recertification and 6 underwent a third attempt, with 5 being successful.