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To evaluate the association between the CT rim sign and gangrenous cholecystitis (GC) and increased surgical difficulty.
Patients who had a contrast enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis, followed by non-elective cholecystectomy were analyzed. The scans were reviewed for the CT rim sign by radiologists blinded to the pathologic and clinical outcomes. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without GC using t-tests or Wilcoxon ranked sum test for continuous variables, and Fishers' exact test for categorical variables, when appropriate. A logistic regression model was fitted with multiple risk factors. click here Odds ratios as well as 95% confidence intervals were then calculated for the risk factors. A secondary analysis predicting increased surgical difficulty, defined as an operative time of greater than 2h or increased conversion rate to open surgery, was also examined.
A total of 100 patients were included; 20 of which had GC. On imaging, patients with GC were more likely to have a CT rim sign (65% vs 32.5%, OR=3.80, 95% CI 1.24-12.7, p=0.011). The presence of the CT rim sign did not reach a statistically significant association with an operative time >2h or conversion to open case (56.52% vs 33.77%, OR=2.55, p=0.056).
The CT rim sign can be utilized to raise the possibility of GC, however the presence of the CT rim sign does not demonstrate an association with increased surgical difficulty.
The CT rim sign can be utilized to raise the possibility of GC, however the presence of the CT rim sign does not demonstrate an association with increased surgical difficulty.The present study examined whether infants' visual preferences for real objects and pictures are related to their manual object exploration skills. Fifty-nine 7-month-old infants were tested in a preferential looking task with a real object and its pictorial counterpart. All of the infants also participated in a manual object exploration task, in which they freely explored five toy blocks. Results revealed a significant positive relationship between infants' haptic scan levels in the manual object exploration task and their gaze behavior in the preferential looking task The higher infants' haptic scan levels, the longer they looked at real objects compared to pictures. Our findings suggest that the specific exploratory action of haptically scanning an object is associated with infants' visual preference for real objects over pictures.VQ proteins are a class of plant-specific proteins containing the conserved motif FxxhVQxhTG（h denotes hydrophobic residues and x represents any amino acid）and are named VQ for the V and Q residues. By analyzing the structure of VQ members it was found that most VQ genes do not contain introns and the number of encoded amino acids is less than 300 aa. A majority of VQ proteins are located in the nucleus. Accumulated evidence has highlighted the importance of VQ proteins mainly participating in signal pathways through interacting with partners (eg. WRKYs and MAPKs) to regulate plant growth and development and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review primarily focuses on the structure of VQ members in plant kingdom and the biological function and the mechanism of VQ protein action, and discusses recent advances in understanding the pivotal role of VQ-motif, which provides a solid foundation for further exploration on VQ proteins.The role of DELLAs in response to light intensity under salt stress is largely unknown. Therefore, the effect of three light intensities-low (35), medium (60), and high (155) μmol m-2 s-1 on Arabidopsis plants growth under saline condition (150 mM NaCl) was evaluated. High light intensity exhibited significant growth in the number of lateral roots related to the low light. Immunoblot assay revealed increased DELLA accumulation at the seedling stage under high light intensity. High light promotes seed germination by 24-44%, whilst, lateral roots by 25-90% in wild-type ecotypes. The lateral roots increased significantly in gai (gibberellic acid insensitive mutant) as compared with gai-t6 (wild type like gibberellic acid insensitive mutant) in response to low to medium and high to medium light intensity. High light increased seedling survival rate by 67% in Col-0 (Columbia) and 60% in Ler (Landsberg erecta) and showed a 28% increase in survival rate in gai mutant under salt stress as compared to gai-t6. Furthermore, salt-stress responsive genes' expression in gai-mutant establishes the relationship of DELLA proteins with salt resistance. Together, light is a cardinal element, its optimum quantity is highly beneficial and promotes salt stress resistance through DELLA protein at seedling stage in plants.
The present study focused on typically developing siblings (TDS) in emerging adulthood of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and sought insight into how gender may interact with positive and negative affects in this population. In addition, we aimed to explore the gender differences as a moderator in the link between personal resources (i.e., family cohesion and flexibility coping strategy) and positive and negative affects among such TDS. An understanding of gender differences in this population should prove relevant to the development of potential interventions.
A total of 116 emerging adult (age 18-29) TDS of younger siblings with ASD (the latter were under the age of 18 at the time of data collection), 80 females and 36 males, participated in the study. All participants completed self-report measures.
Female TDS reported higher negative affect than male TDS, while no differences emerged regarding positive affect. Female siblings reported higher family cohesion and higher flexibility in f TDS as interplaying with their resources, at the unique developmental stage of emerging adulthood, may afford to identify TDS in need and to suggest potential interventions.
Intellectual disability (ID) is often accompanied by more significant delays in emotional development than in cognitive development. Diagnostic assessment can provide insight into emotional functioning. However, few standardized assessment instruments are available.
Examine the reliability and validity of the Scale of Emotional Development-Short (SED-S) in children with ID.
This methodological instrument validation study was conducted in the Netherlands and Switzerland with children (N = 118) older than 3 and younger than 18 years with ID ranging from profound to mild. Measures included demographic and medical data, SED-S, and the Vineland. Coherence and reliability of the SED-S were determined using Cronbach's alpha, and validity was examined using Goodman and Kruskal's γ, Kruskal-Wallis H, and Mann-Whitney U tests.
The reliability of the SED-S was high, the convergent validity was good, and divergent validity was indicated in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), visual and/or auditory impairment, and adaptive functioning.