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To compare the overall diagnostic performance of digital panoramic radiographs obtained with low-dose protocols and to estimate the absorbed dose in the head and neck.<br />Forty-eight panoramic radiographs were obtained from eight imaging phantoms using six exposure protocols of progressively lower tube voltages (kVp) and currents (mA), as follows (1) 70 kVp and 12.5 mA, (2) 66 kVp and 10 mA, (3) 66 kVp and 8 mA, (4) 66 kVp and 5 mA, (5) 66 kVp and 4 mA and (6) 66 kVp and 3.2 mA. #link# Five oral radiologists independently evaluated the images and reported all detectable radiographic findings. Intra-examiner reproducibility was assessed by re-evaluation of 25% of the images. The data were analysed using the McNemar and weighted Kappa tests. Absorbed doses of the six protocols were obtained from thermoluminescent dosimeters placed inside a Rando phantom and compared using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey (α = 0.05).<br />The overall diagnostic performance of panoramic radiographs obtained with low-dose protocols did not differ from that of panoramic radiographs obtained with the highest dose (p &gt; 0.05). Moreover, substantial agreement was observed between all protocols. Protocol 1 resulted in the highest absorbed dose and protocols 4, 5 and 6 in the lowest absorbed doses, with the difference being significant (p ≤ 0.05).<br />Although digital panoramic radiography is considered a relatively low-dose examination, the radiation dose can be further reduced without negatively affecting its overall diagnostic performance.<br />Considering the risks associated with X-rays, digital panoramic radiographs can be obtained at even lower exposure levels.<br />Considering the risks associated with X-rays, digital panoramic radiographs can be obtained at even lower exposure levels.<br />Resin-based composites may leach monomers such as triethylene-glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), which could contribute to intrapulpal inflammation. The aim of this investigation was to examine whether various concentrations of TEGDMA are able to influence dentally relevant Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 production, total collagenase/gelatinase activity in pulp cells, and suggest possible signaling mechanisms.<br />Pulp cells were cultured, followed by a 1-day exposure to sublethal TEGDMA concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.75 mM). Total MMP activity was measured by an EnzCheck total collagenase/gelatinase assay, while the production of specific MMPs and the relative changes of phosphorylated, i.e., activated signaling protein levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were identified by western blot. Immunocytochemistry image data was also plotted and analyzed to see whether TEGDMA could possibly alter MMP production.<br />An increase in activated MMnduction of MMP production and activity may further be components in the mechanisms of intrapulpal monomer toxicity.Many childhood cancer survivors (CCS) could benefit from improved knowledge about their cancer diagnosis, the treatments received, and associated risks during the period when they transition into adult aftercare. Interventions that support the transition from pediatric to adult care have showed high patient satisfaction. We developed an educational workbook, "Life After the Janeway," to support CCS transition into adult care. We evaluated its understandability, actionability, and overall acceptability, using an online survey based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Material (PEMAT-P). Ten participants completed the survey. The overall PEMAT-P score was 94.06 (SD ± 7.40). Mean scores for understandability and actionability were 92.83 (SD ± 8.79) and 98.15 (SD ± 5.24) respectively. Interrater reliability found strong agreement across survey items. Participants support efforts to improve transition and felt positive about the intervention. link2 The workbook was shown to be understandable and actionable to likely users. The next steps will focus on delivering the workbook to CCS going through their transition of care and exploring developing the workbook in an electronic format.Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in fuel from the stationary as well as from mobile sources primarily from power stations, industrial heaters, cogeneration plants, and diesel engines represent a major worldwide environmental problem. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 over catalyst based on V2O5-WO3/TiO2 (VWT) is the most effective benchmark technique to efficiently reduce NOx emissions from stationary and mobile sources. Among the different transition metals (Mn, Nb, Co, Cr, Cu, Ce) used in current research work, the manganese could make up the loss of SCR activity caused by the decrease of V2O5 loading (50%) in prepared VWT powder catalyst. The optimal loading of Mn is 3 wt% in case of 3V9WT powder catalyst, which shows the best catalytic performance. 3Mn3V9WT powder catalyst exhibits enhanced NO conversion performance, i.e., ~ 95-98% with NH3 leakage 94% for the temperature of 300-320 °C. The recovery of SCR activity of the 3Mn3V9WT catalyst after SO2 effect was good, i.e., ~ 94% at 320 °C for long interval of time, where NH3 leakage was less then 5 ppm.In the reference list, where it reads "Cardoso CM, Antunes NM (2017) Greywater treatment using a moving bed biofilm reactor at a university campus in Brazil.In this study, we investigated the combined effects of temperatures fluencies and mercury (Hg) on glutathione-dependent antioxidant system in fish, by measuring the oxidative stress indicator (LPO, lipid peroxidation) and the parameters involved in the glutathione-related antioxidant defense system (GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; GSH, reduced glutathione), as well as the expression of related genes in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish (45.37 ± 3.58 g) were exposed to 10 test groups, e.g., 15 °C with/without Hg, 20 °C with/without Hg, 25 °C with/without Hg, 30 °C with/without Hg, 35 °C with/without Hg for 4 weeks. Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the correlation between the measured parameters and experimental conditions (water temperature, Hg exposure, exposure time, and their interactions.). Our results show that there is no interaction between mercury and low temperature, but the combined effect at high temperature has been confirmed, which indicated the glutathione-dependent enzyme system in grass carp has a complex regulatory mechanism with temperature fluctuations. In the actual field monitoring, it is necessary to consider the impact of extreme temperature on the toxicity of pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem.The impact of renewable energy consumption on reducing the outdoor air pollution death rate, in nineteen Latin America &amp; the Caribbean countries, from 1990 to 2016, using the econometric technique of quantile regression for panel data, was researched. Results show that economic growth and fossil fuel consumption are positively related to CO2 emissions, while renewable energy consumption bears a negative relationship with it. Furthermore, fossil fuel consumption has a positive impact on the mortality rate and economic growth a negative one. The negative effect of renewable energy consumption on the mortality rate is only observable on the right tail of its distribution. The modelisation reveals two ways in which the consumption of renewable energy can reduce the outdoor air pollution death rates (i) directly, by increasing renewable energies, and (i) indirectly because the increase in the consumption of renewable energies implies a decrease in the consumption of energy from fossil fuels. The phenomenon of increasing urbanisation is a point where the action of public policymakers is decisive for the reduction of outdoor air pollution death rates. Here, the question is not to reduce the level of urbanisation but to act on the "quality" of urbanisation, to make cities healthier. The research concludes that public policymakers must focus on intensifying the transition from fossil to renewable energies and improving the quality of cities.<br />The skeletal system provides an important role to support body structure and protect organs. The complexity of its architecture and components makes it challenging to deliver the right amount of the drug into bone regions, particularly avascular cartilage lesions. In this review, we describe the recent advance of bone-targeting methods using bisphosphonates, polymeric oligopeptides, and nanoparticles on osteoporosis and rare skeletal diseases.<br />Hydroxyapatite (HA), a calcium phosphate with the formula Ca<br />(PO<br />)<br />(OH)<br />, is a primary matrix of bone mineral that includes a high concentration of positively charged calcium ion and is found only in the bone. This unique feature makes HA a general targeting moiety to the entire skeletal system. We have applied bone-targeting strategy using acidic amino acid oligopeptides into lysosomal enzymes, demonstrating the effects of bone-targeting enzyme replacement therapy and gene therapy on bone and cartilage lesions in inherited skeletal disorders. Virus or no-virus elivery into bone lesions remains an unmet challenge in clinical practice. Bone-targeting therapies based on gene transfer can be potential as new candidates for skeletal diseases.<br />To evaluate the feasibility and effects of the intrastromal implantation of chemically modified corneal stroma obtained from chicken into the corneas of rabbits for corneal thickening.<br />Chicken corneas were cut, debrided, treated with cross-linking and implanted in an intrastromal pouch created in the cornea of 10 white New Zealand rabbits with femtosecond laser. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography were performed immediately, 7, 30 and 90days postoperatively. Corneas were removed at 90daysand cut in two halves. One half was sent to histological analysis for the presence of necrosis, polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells, blood vessels and fibrosis, while the other half was evaluated with transmission electron microscopy to verify tissue organization and the presence of keratocytes and inflammatory cells. Corneal thicknesses were comparatively analyzed over time with Wilcoxon test (p ≤ 0.05).<br />The chicken grafts were incorporated into the cornea of all animals over time. Mean rabbit corequired to establish the clinical utility, safety and efficacy of xenografts for the treatment of patients with advanced keratoconus.Caspofungin is an echinocandin, exhibiting efficacy against most Candida species invasive infection. Its cardiotoxicity was reported in isolated rat heart and ventricular myocytes, but in vivo and clinical studies are insufficient. Our objective was to evaluate caspofungin in vivo cardiac effects using an efficacious dose against Candida albicans. Female Swiss mice were infected with C. link3 albicans, and treated with caspofungin, 5 or 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal along 5 days. Survival rate and colony-forming units (CFU) into vital organs were determined. For cardiac effects study, mice were treated with caspofungin 10 mg/kg, and electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was obtained on C. albicans-infected mice, single dose-treated, and uninfected mice treated along 5 days, both groups to measure ECG intervals. Besides, [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fatostatin.html selleck chemical] was also obtained by telemetry on uninfected mice to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. The MIC for caspofungin on the wild-type C. albicans SC5314 strain was 0.3 μg/ml, indicating the susceptible.